Ch. 17 & 18 IDS Flashcards
(39 cards)
Caudillos
Independent military leaders with large personal followings
Military leaders with they’re own followers
“The Bully of the North”
The Unites States
Americas who mistreated other countries
Charles Darwin
An important milestone came in 1859 with the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, who argued that all living species had evolved from earlier species through time as they adapted to changed in the environment.
Came up with they theory that species evolved from earlier species, adapting and changing to heir environment
Porfirio Diaz
Another example of foreign investment occurred in Mexico during the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz from 1876 to 1911. Diaz reversed the policies of his predecessor, Benito Juarez, who had seized land from the church and other elites to redistribute to commoners. He encouraged entrepreneurship and foreign investment that resulted in the construction of railroads and telegraph lines and the production of mineral resources.
Encouraged entrepreneurship and investments for the foreign, constructing in telegraph lines and minerals.
Dominion of Canada
The British North America Act of 1876 joined Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick together as the Dominion of Canada, a self-governing political system still officially tied to Britain.
Self governing political system
Federalist System
Like the United States, Canada was designed to be a federalist system, with powers shared by the central governemnt and its subunits.
Powers shared by a central government
Sigmund Freud
The social sciences continued to rely on the scientific method for their development, although a Viennese physician, Sigmund Freud, greatly altered psychology and related fields with his theories of the irrational, subconscious mind.
Altered psychology
Isolationism
The new nation -the United States - developed internally during the early 19th century and was preoccupied with western expansion and political stability, and an ocean separated them from Europe. As a result, Americans tried their best to stay out of European affairs, a philosophy reflected in George Washington’s farewell address to the nation in 1797. In 1823 this isolationist policy was written down in the Monroe Doctrine.
Isolated western expansion to the Americas separating from Europe
Isolationist Policy
The new nation -the United States - developed internally during the early 19th century and was preoccupied with western expansion and political stability, and an ocean separated them from Europe. As a result, Americans tried their best to stay out of European affairs, a philosophy reflected in George Washington’s farewell address to the nation in 1797. In 1823 this isolationist policy was written down in the Monroe Doctrine.
Separation of larger countries along oceans
Andrew Jackson
He rose in the U.S. to become a military general known for his ability to inspire devotion from his men and also for his impatience with civilian authorities. His popularity and charisma led to his election as president, where he challenged constitutional limits on his authority, and substantially increased the powers of the presidency.
Military general and president
Benito Juarez
This president, a personalist leader with liberal, secular leanings, started La Reforma
President who started la Reforma
La Reforma
A movement that aimed to limit the power of the military and the church in the name of equality, or “land and liberty,” according to its slogan. It limited the privileges of priests and military elites, and confiscated their lands to redistribute more equitably among the people.
Limited military power
Monroe Doctrine
It warned against European meddling in the Americas.
Went against friction between countries
Jose Antonio Paez
He rose from poverty to become a military leader and led the independence movement of Venezuela against the efforts of Simon Bolivar to include it as part of Gran Columbia, and his success put him in control of the government as a dictator for eighteen years.
Military leader who the lead independence movement
Parliamentary System
Unlike the U.S., Canada became a parliamentary system, with a prime minister from parliament, rather than a presidential system, with a strong president with powers separated from those of Congress.
Strong president with separated congregational powers
Presidential System
Unlike the U.S., Canada became a parliamentary system, with a prime minister from parliament, rather than a presidential system, with a strong president with powers separated from those of Congress.
Strong president with powers separated
Personalist Rulers
Men with charismatic influence often rose to power through the force of their personalities, leading to personalist rule that gave them authoritarian control over their followers.
Influential men had more power and led personal authorization
Regionalism
One reason for Latin America’s fragmentation was regionalism, or identity with a particular region rather than a large area.
Personal identity to a large region area
Romanticism
An important movement in arts and literature, began in Europe and spread to the United States.
Important art and literature movement
Spanish American War
An important event occurred in 1898 when the Spanish American War broke out, instigated by events in Cuba and Puerto Rico, Spain’s last colonies in the Americas.
War caused by Cuba and Puerto Rico
Crimean War
Fought between 1854 and 1856; began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire; Russia opposed by French and British as well; resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to reforms under Tsar Alexander II
Russians attempt to attack Ottoman Empire
Anarchists
Political groups seeking abolition of all formal government; formed in many part of Europe and Americas in late 19th and early 20th centuries; particularly prevalent in Russia, opposing tsarist autocracy and becoming a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881
Politics looking to abolish all formal governments
Duma
National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905;progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution
Stripped power of revolution during the national parliament
Holy Alliance
Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe
Establishes order and defends religion
