CH 17 BLOOD

Question 1

BLOOD IS

Answer 1

Specialized connective tissue consisting of living cells, called formed elements, suspended in nonliving fluid matrix called Blood Plasma.

Question 2

BLOOD HEMATOCRIT

Answer 2

Percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

Question 3

Normal blood volume for males/ females?

Answer 3

5-6 Liters men/ 4-5 Liters women

Question 4

Blood that has been centrifuged separates into 3 layers:

Answer 4

plasma, erythrocytes, and the buffy coat.

Question 5

Functions of Blood: (3)

Answer 5

For delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissue cells, removal of metabolic wastes to elimination sites, and distribution of hormones.

Question 6

Functions of blood: regulates ________, ___, ____

Answer 6

Body temperature, body fluid pH, and fluid volume within fluid compartments

Question 7

Blood protects against excessive blood loss by:

Answer 7

CLOTTING MECHANISM

Question 8

Normal hematocrit:

Answer 8

APPX. 45%

Question 9

ERYTHROCYTES

Answer 9

Red Blood Cells

Question 10

Leukocytes:

Answer 10

white blood cells

Question 11

Thrombocytes

Answer 11

Platelets

Question 12

Blood plasma consists of:

Answer 12

mostly water (90%)
and solutes including nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, products of cell activity, ions, and proteins.

Question 13

What protein is found in plasma?

Answer 13

Albumin

Question 14

Pigment in RBC’s is called:

Answer 14

Hemoglobin

Question 15

Red Blood Cells lack :

Answer 15

Nuclei and most organelles

Question 16

Hemoglobin:

Answer 16

Oxygen-binding pigment that is responsible for the transport of most of the oxygen in blood

Question 17

oxyhemoglobin:

Answer 17

carries oxygen in blood, bright red

Question 18

Deoxyhemoglobin:

Answer 18

does not carry oxygen, darker shade of red

Question 19

Carboxyhemoglobin:

Answer 19

carries carbon diioxide

Question 20

The formation of erythrocytes is known as;

Answer 20

ERYTHROPOESIS

Question 21

Erythropoiesis occurs where:

Answer 21

red bone marrow

Question 22

Erythropoiesis starts when ____ is transformed into ____

Answer 22

Myeloid stem, transforms into pro erythroblast.

Question 23

Phases of Erythropoiesis: Phase 1

Answer 23

Phase 1: Ribosome synthesis

Question 24

Phase 2 of Erythropoiesis:

Answer 24

Phase 2: Hemoglobin accumulation

Question 25

Phase 3 of erythropoeiss:

Answer 25

Ejection of nucleus from reticulocyte to Erythrocyte

Question 26

Life span of an RBC?

Answer 26

100-120 days

Question 27

RBC are engulfed by:

Answer 27

Macrophages

Question 28

During destruction of Erythrocytes, __ and __ are separated.

Answer 28

Heme and globin are separated.

Question 29

In destruction of erythrocytes, ___ is degraded to a yellow pigment called ___

Answer 29

Heme is degraded to a yellow pigment called Bilirubin, bilirubin gets out by fecal matter

Question 30

DISEASE: When blood has low O2 levels, insufficient RBC count or iron deficiency. Weakness, fatigue, rapid heart rate, pale. B12 deficiency.

Answer 30

ANEMIA

Question 31

Hemolytic anemia:

Answer 31

RBC's rupture prematurely

Question 32

Aplastic anemia

Answer 32

Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

Question 33

Hemorrhagic anemia

Answer 33

acute or chronic loss of blood

Question 34

Sickle cell anemia: results from a change in one of the 287 amino acids in the _____

Answer 34

Beta chain of the globin molecule.

Question 35

Condition when sickled blood cells get stuck in blood vessels and block blood flow, tissues start to die.

Answer 35

Sickle cell crisis

Question 36

Polycythemia

Answer 36

excess of erythrocytes. May result from bone marrow cancer or living at high altitudes.

Question 37

Thrombus

Answer 37

clot that develops and persists in an UNBROKEN blood vessel. can block circulation leading to tissue death

Question 38

Embolus

Answer 38

a thrombus freely floating in the blood stream.

Question 39

pulmonary embolus

Answer 39

a free floating thrombus that can impair the ability for the body to obtain oxygen

Question 40

cerebral emboli

Answer 40

causes stroke

Question 41

thrombocytosis

Answer 41

too many platelets due to inflammation, infection or cancer

Question 42

thrombocytopenia

Answer 42

too few platelets. causes spontaneous bleeding due to suppression or destruction of bone marrow.

Question 43

whole blood transfusion

Answer 43

when blood loss is substantial

Question 44

Type of transfusion used when restoration of oxygen carrying capacity is needed:

Answer 44

Packed red cells

Question 45

AGGLUTINATION

Answer 45

clumping of red blood cells. Antigens on surface of RBC bind to antibodies in plasma

Question 46

T or F: Anti-RH antibodies only form if an Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood?

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

HEMOSTASIS:

Answer 47

control of bleeding

Question 48

3 processes of hemostasis

Answer 48

1. blood vessel spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. blood coagulation

Question 49

Proteins found in blood plasma:

Answer 49

ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, FIBINOGENS