Ch. 17 Endocrines Flashcards
(11 cards)
Endocrines
Ductless glands that introduce product hormone into the blood to affect target organs by interacting with thier receptors.
3 types of hormones: Protein, Steroid and Thyroid
Types of Hormones
3
Pituitary Gland
“Master Gland”
controlled by hypothalamus
Makes hormoes that affect a lot of physiological mechanisms.
Tropism
Are hormones of the Anterior Pituitary.
Stimulates growth in a certain direction.
Example: ACTH (corticotropin) hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to grow and speacilize in producing cortisol and cortisone.
The cortical cells being stimulated also put out mineralocorticoids and sex steroids.
What happens when glands do not respond to hormones?
The pituitary/hypothalamus respod with high levels of tropic hormone.
Thyroid Abnormal Functions
Hyperthyroid: causes thyrotoxicosis aka Grave’s Disease (irritation/swell of fascia –> hyperreflexia)
*Orbits of eyes can herniate - can cause eyes to pop out (exopthalos) this is a tell tale sign of thyrotoxicosis.
*Excess heat - cannot ventilate, blood flow = HOCF (high output cardiac failure)
Hypothyroid: inability to heal. edema of myxoid cells, weight gain, goiter.
Neurohypophysis
Lack of ADH
GH Abnormalities
Excess: Pituitary Giant (up to 8 ft or higher). Growth platelets remain open, can result in MSK, cardiac disorder,
Dawn Phenomenon
There is a drop in glucose during sleep. During the hours of 2am-6am GH and cortisol rise, which makes glucose rise.
Body does this to stave off hypoglycemic crisis.
Cortisol (stress hormone) rises with stress.
Somogyi Effect
Occurs when GH/cortisol and insulin levels are off balance they cannot maintain homeostais. They vigorously counter each other sending blood glucose soaring to several times fasting back down to hypoglycemic levels.
Assessing Glucose
Urine test: unrliable since person may be neg. for glucose in urine until venous blood glucose leels rise to 200 mg/dl
Morning Fasting test:
Oral Glucose test:
