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Seeley's AnP > Ch 17 Heart > Flashcards

Ch 17 Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart which helps to maintain homeostasis?

A

Routing blood
Generating blood pressure
Regulating blood supply
All of these are functions of the heart

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2
Q

The heart is located in the

A

Thoracic cavity between the lungs

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3
Q

The heart is surrounded by this sac

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

What membrane covers the surface of the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

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5
Q

The heart wall is composed of three layers. Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart wall?

A

Intercardium

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6
Q

What is the name of the heart wall layer that forms the inner surface of the heart chamber?

A

Endocardium

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7
Q

What are the muscular ridges that are found in the atria of the heart?

A

Pectinate muscles

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8
Q

The heart consists of

A

Two atria and two ventricles

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9
Q

What are the veins that carry blood to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
All of these veins carry blood to the heart

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10
Q

What are the two arteries that carry blood away from the heart?

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

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11
Q

The right atrium receives blood from which of the following veins?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
** All of these veins carry blood to the right atrium**

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12
Q

What are the blood vessels that carry blood to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Which one of the following is a depression in the right atrium that was the former opening between
the left and right atria of the fetal heart?

A

Fossa ovalis

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14
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the

A

Aorta

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15
Q

What is the function of heart valves?

A

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure one-way flow of blood in the heart

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16
Q

Which of the following are heart valves?

A

Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves

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17
Q

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricuspid valve

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18
Q

What is the name of the cone-shaped muscular pillars in the ventricles?

A

Papillary muscles

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19
Q

What are the string-like structures that attach the atrioventricular valves to the heart wall?

A

Chordae tendineae

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20
Q

Which semilunar valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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21
Q

When the ventricles contract

A

The atrioventicular valves close and the semilunar valves open

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22
Q 
Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the body, through the heart,
to the lungs?
1. Pulmonary semilunar valve
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle
5. Superior and inferior vena cava
6. Tricuspid valve
A

5,3,6,4,1,2

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23
Q 
Which of the following is the correct flow of blood as blood moves from the lungs, through the heart,
to the body?
1. Aortic semilunar valve
2. Aorta
3. Bicuspid valve
4. Left atrium
5. Left ventricle
6. Pulmonary veins
A

6,4,3,5,1,2

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24
Q

What two arteries do the left coronary artery branch into?

A

Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

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25
What areas of the heart are supplied by the left coronary artery
Left atrium, left ventricle and right anterior ventricle
26
Blood is drained from the heart muscle by which of the following blood vessels?
Coronary sinus
27
What are the two myofilaments that are found in cardiac muscle?
Actin and fibrin Fibrin and myosin Actin and collagen **None of the above are correct
28
Which of the following is NOT a part of the cardiac muscle action potential?
Depolarization Plateau phase of repolarization Final repolarization phase **All of these are part of the action potential in cardiac muscle**
29
During depolarization, which of the following ion channels open?
Sodium
30
During depolarization,
Sodium channels open, potassium channels close and calcium channels open
31
During final repolarization,
Sodium channels close, potassium channels open and calcium channels close
32
Absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle extends from depolarization into the
Final repolarization phase
33
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
34
When the SA node depolarizes and the heart contracts, which one of the following is directly determined by the SA node?
Heart rate
35
What ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization of the SA node of the heart?
Calcium
36
When the SA node depolarizes, which of the following heart chambers contracts first?
Right and left atria
37
What part of the conducting system of the heart delays the transmission of the action potential to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles?
AV node
38
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in the heart's conducting system? 1. AV bundles 2. AV node 3. Purkinje fibers 4. SA node
4,2,1,3
39
Which one of the following conditions is life threatening?
Ventricular fibrillation
40
Which one of the following conditions is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute?
Bradycardia
41
Which one of the following waves would be seen in a normal ECG?
wave T wave QRS complex ***All of the above would be seen in a normal ECG
42
What wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?
QRS complex
43
What wave of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
44
During the PR interval,
The atria contract
45
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular systole? 1. AV valves close 2. Blood is ejected into the pulmonary trunk and aorta 3. Semilunar valves open 4. Ventricles begin to relax and enter into ventricular diastole 5. Ventricles contract and blood pressure in ventricles increase
5,1,3,2,4
46
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during ventricular diastole? 1. When ventricular blood pressure becomes less than atrial pressure, AV valves open 2. Atria contract and force their blood into the ventricles 3. Semilunar valves close 4. Ventricles relax and blood pressure in ventricles decreases
4,3,1,2
47
Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular systole?
Ventricular pressure increases AV valves close Semilunar valves open **All of these events occur during ventricular systole
48
Which one of the following events does NOT occur during ventricular diastole?
AV valves close
49
Which one of the following is the highest blood pressure in the aorta?
Systolic pressure
50
What is the approximate diastolic blood pressure in the aorta?
80 mm Hg
51
Which of the following is responsible for the first heart sound of "lubb"?
Tricuspid valve closing
52
Which of the following is responsible for the second heart sound of "dupp"?
Both the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves closing
53
What is the cause of heart murmurs?
Faulty heart valves
54
An incompetent bicuspid valve causes
Pulmonary edema
55
The mean arterial pressure is determined by
MAP = CO X PR
56
The cardiac output is affected by all of the following EXCEPT
***Peripheral resistance** Heart rate Stroke volume All of the above affect the cardiac output
57
What is the law that states an increase in the resting length of a cardiac muscle fiber will result in a greater force of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber?
Starling's law of the heart
58
Which one of the following extrinsic factors decreases heart rate?
Parasympathetic stimulation
59
Blood pressure is monitored in the aorta by pressure receptors called
Baroreceptors
60
When blood pressure increases, which one of the following events occur?
Increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart with decreased heart rate
61
Which one of the following is increased when the adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Heart rate Stroke volume Blood pressure .****All of the above are increase with epinephrine and norepinephrine***
62
Which one of the following chemicals has no effect on the heart rate?
Nitrogen
63
What is the effect of a significant decrease in oxygen on the heart?
Increased heart rate
64
What is the effect of increased oxygen on the heart?
No change in heart rate
65
What is the effect of increased carbon dioxide on the heart?
Increased heart rate
66
What is the effect of increased pH on the heart?
Decreased heart rate
67
What is the effect of decreased potassium ion on the heart?
Decreased heart rate
68
What is the effect of increased calcium ion on the heart?
Decreased heart rate
69
What is the effect of decreased temperature on the heart?
Decreased heart rate
70
Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?
Hypertrophy of the heart
71
Which one of the following is a change in the heart that is associated with age?
Arrhythmias of the heart Decreased maximum heart rate Decreased cardiac output **All of the above are seen in elderly people**
72
The heart forms a partition with the trachea and esophagus called the mediastinum.
TRUE
73
The heart is the size of your closed fist.
TRUE
74
The base of the heart is the rounded point of the lower heart.
FALSE
75
The auricles are the primary receiving chambers of the heart.
FALSE
76
The pulmonary trunk divides into the left and right pulmonary veins and carries blood to the lungs.
FALSE
77
The atria are chambers that receive blood from the veins.
TRUE
78
The left and right ventricles are separated by the interatrial septum.
FALSE
79
The left atrioventricular valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve.
TRUE
80
The heart is supplied with blood from the coronary sinuses
FALSE
81
The heart is supplied with blood from the blood that flows through it.
FALSE
82
Heart cells have specialized gap junctions between them called intercalated disks.
TRUE
83
Cardiac muscle contracts faster than skeletal muscle.
FALSE
84
The absolute refractory period is shorter in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle
FALSE
85
The heart can stimulate itself and contract at regular intervals which is called self-rhythmic.
FALSE
86
A heart rate over 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia.
TRUE
87
The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded in an EEG.
FALSE
88
The P wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization.
FALSE
89
Atrial diastole is the relaxation of the atria.
TRUE
90
During ventricular systole, the blood pressure in the ventricles decreases.
FALSE
91
The heart sounds are caused by the closure of heart valves.
TRUE
92
Stenosis is a swelling of a heart valve.
FALSE
93
A normal cardiac output is 25 L/min.
FALSE
94
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases heart rate and force of contraction
TRUE
95
Excitement, anger and anxiety will cause increased blood pressure.
TRUE

Seeley's AnP (6 decks)

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