Ch. 18 Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine glands

Answer 1

glands that would secrete substances called hormones directly into the blood stream

Question 2

Exocrine glands

Answer 2

send chemical substances such as tears, sweat, milk, and saliva via the ducts to the outside of the body

Question 3

What are some example of exocrine glands?

Answer 3

sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands

Question 4

Do endocrine glands have ducts?

Answer 4

No because they are internally secreting glands

Question 5

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 5

in the neck

Question 6

Where are the 4 parathyroid glands located?

Answer 6

in the neck

Question 7

Where are the 2 adrenal glands located?

Answer 7

above the kidneys

Question 8

Is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 9

at the base of the brain in the sella turcica

Question 10

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 10

female in the lower abdominal cavity

Question 11

Where are the testes located?

Answer 11

male

Question 12

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 12

in the brain

Question 13

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 13

Thyroxine (T4); triiodothyronine (T3); calcitonin

Question 14

What hormones does the parathyroid gland secrete?

Answer 14

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 15

cortisol (glucocorticoid); aldosterone (mineralocorticoid); androgens, estrogens (sex hormones)

Question 16

What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 16

epinephrine (adrenaline; norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 17

What hormones does the islet cells secrete?

Answer 17

insulin; glucagon

Question 18

What hormones does the anterior lobe secrete?

Answer 18

Growth hormone (GH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); Gonadotropins; Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin (PRL)

Question 19

What hormones does the posterior lobe secrete?

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin); oxytocin

Question 20

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 20

estrogens; progesterone

Question 21

What hormones do the testes secrete?

Answer 21

testosterone

Question 22

Adrenal medulls

Answer 22

inner section of the adrenal gland

Question 23

Pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Answer 23

composed of an anterior lobe called the adenohypophysis and a posterior lobe called the neurohypophysis

Question 24

aden/o

Answer 24

gland

Question 25

adrenal/o

Answer 25

adrenal gland

Question 26

gonad/o

Answer 26

sex gland (ovaries and testes)

Question 27

pancreat/o

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

parathyroid/o

Answer 28

parathyroid gland

Question 29

pituitar/o

Answer 29

pituitary gland

Question 30

thyr/o

Answer 30

thyroid gland

Question 31

thyroid/o

Answer 31

thyroid gland

Question 32

andr/o

Answer 32

male

Question 33

gynec/o

Answer 33

female

Question 34

calc/o

Answer 34

calcium

Question 35

calci/o

Answer 35

calcium

Question 36

Hypercalcemia

Answer 36

too much calcium in the blood

Question 37

cortic/o

Answer 37

cortex

Question 38

crin/o

Answer 38

secrete

Question 39

endocrine

Answer 39

to secrete within

Question 40

dips/o

Answer 40

thrist

Question 41

estr/o

Answer 41

female

Question 42

gluc/o

Answer 42

sugar

Question 43

glyc/o

Answer 43

sugar

Question 44

home/o

Answer 44

sameness

Question 45

hormon/o

Answer 45

hormone

Question 46

kal/i

Answer 46

potassium

Question 47

lact/o

Answer 47

milk

Question 48

myx/o

Answer 48

mucus

Question 49

natr/o

Answer 49

sodium

Question 50

phys/o

Answer 50

growing

Question 51

somat/o

Answer 51

body

Question 52

ster/o

Answer 52

solid structure

Question 53

toc/o

Answer 53

childbirth

Question 54

toxic/o

Answer 54

poison

Question 55

ur/o

Answer 55

urine

Question 56

-agon

Answer 56

assemble, or gather together

Question 57

-emia

Answer 57

blood condition

Question 58

-in

Answer 58

substance

Question 59

-ine

Answer 59

substance

Question 60

-tropin

Answer 60

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

Question 61

-uria

Answer 61

urine condition

Question 62

eu-

Answer 62

good or normal

Question 63

hyper-

Answer 63

excessive; above

Question 64

hypo-

Answer 64

deficient; below under; less than normal

Question 65

oxy-

Answer 65

rapid, sharp, acid

Question 66

pan-

Answer 66

all

Question 67

panoramic view

Answer 67

you can see everything and all

Question 68

poly-

Answer 68

many or increased

Question 69

tetra-

Answer 69

four

Question 70

tri-

Answer 70

three

Question 71

goiter

Answer 71

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 72

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 72

over activity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

Question 73

What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 73

grave's disease

Question 74

What is Grave's disease?

Answer 74

too much secretion of the thyroid gland with exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)

Question 75

Hypothroidism

Answer 75

under activity of the thyroid gland, not enough of the thyroid hormone

Question 76

Myxedema

Answer 76

advanced hypothyroidism in an adult

Question 77

Cretinism

Answer 77

extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood

Question 78

Thyroid carcinoma

Answer 78

cancer of the thyroid gland

Question 79

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 79

excessive production of the parathyroid hormone

Question 80

Hypercalcemia

Answer 80

Too much calcium in the blood

Question 81

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 81

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

Question 82

Adrenal Virilism

Answer 82

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Question 83

What does adrenal virilism cause in adult women?

Answer 83

virilization

Question 84

What are some signs and symptoms of virilization?

Answer 84

amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, and deepening of the voice

Question 85

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 85

women's period stopped, lack of menstrual flow

Question 86

What is hirsutism?

Answer 86

excessive hair on the face and body where there should not be hair, for example a woman would grow facial hair

Question 87

Crushing Syndrome

Answer 87

a group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Question 88

What are some things that crushing syndrome cause?

Answer 88

obesity and facial appearance is moon-like

Question 89

What is addison disease?

Answer 89

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex think of the 3 "S's" sugar (cortisol) salt (aldosterone) sex (androgens and estrogens)

Question 90

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 90

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

Question 91

Hyperinsulinism

Answer 91

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

Question 92

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Answer 92

where there is a lack of insulin secretion or the resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

Question 93

What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 93

Type 1 Type 2

Question 94

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 94

autoimmune disease that occurs in early childhood aka juvenile diabetes insulin-dependent diabetes

Question 95

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 95

older people, sometimes family history, obesity can contribute to it aka adult onset diabetes non-insulin dependent diabetes

Question 96

What are the secondary long term complications that appear with daibetes?

Answer 96

Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic nephropathy Diabetic neuropathy

Question 97

What does diabetic retinopathy affect?

Answer 97

the eyes

Question 98

What does diabetic nephropathy affect?

Answer 98

the kidneysW

Question 99

What does diabetic neuropathy affect?

Answer 99

nerves

Question 100

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 100

result of hormonal changes during pregnancy and can occur in women with predisposition to diabetes during the second or third trimester

Question 101

What is acromegaly?

Answer 101

hypersecretion of the growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to the enlargement if extremities

Question 102

What is gigantism?

Answer 102

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Question 103

What is dwarfism?

Answer 103

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

Question 104

What is panhypopituitarism?

Answer 104

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Question 105

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Answer 105

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Question 106

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Answer 106

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 107

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) aka Fasting Blood Sugar

Answer 107

measures circulating glucose levvel in a patient who has fasted (not eaten anything) for at least 8 hours a test used to diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes

Question 108

What is another test used to diagnose pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes?

Answer 108

glucose tolerance test

Question 109

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 109

x-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor

Question 110

Magentic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 110

when magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities

Question 111

CA++

Answer 111

calcium (important electrolyte)

Question 112

DI

Answer 112

diabetes insipidus

Question 113

DKS

Answer 113

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 114

DM

Answer 114

diabetes mellitus

Question 115

FBG

Answer 115

fasting blood glucose

Question 116

FBS

Answer 116

fasting blood sugar

Question 117

GTT

Answer 117

glucose tolerance test

Question 118

K+

Answer 118

potassium (an important electrolyte)

Question 119

Na+

Answer 119

sodium (an important electrolyte)

Question 120

SIADH

Answer 120

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (secretion)