Ch 18: Overview of Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Metabolism is….

Answer 1

Sum total

Question 2

Metabolism

Catabolism

Answer 2

Breaks Down Complex Molecules (Exergonic)

Question 3

Metabolism

Exergonic

Answer 3

Produce Energy

Question 4

Metabolism

Anabolism

Answer 4

Synthesize molecules/combines simple molecules into complex ones (Endergonic)

Question 5

Metabolism

Endergonic

Answer 5

Consumes Energy

Question 6

Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic Pathways

Answer 6

Pathway arrangement of chemical reactions in cells where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

Question 7

Metabolic Pathways

Every chemical reaction in metabolism is…

Answer 7

catalyzed by an enzyme

Question 8

Metabolic Pathways

Enzymes are used…

Answer 8

like valves to control the flow of material through metabolic pathways

Question 9

Metabolic Pathways

Non-spontaneous Reactions

Answer 9

Thermodynamically unfavorable

Question 10

Metabolic Pathways

Spontaneous Reactions

Answer 10

Thermodynamically Favorable

Question 11

Metabolic Pathways

Non-spontaneous reactions are driven by….

Answer 11

coupling them to spontaneous reactions.

Question 12

Metabolic Pathways

TCA Cycle

(tricarboxylic acid cycle/Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle)

Answer 12

All metabolic pathways eventually converge into the TCA cycle

Question 13

ATP

ATP is the….

Answer 13

Universal Currency of Free Energy

Question 14

ATP

ATP is also…

Answer 14

one of the common links between catabolism and anabolism

shuttles chemical energy between them

Question 15

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Substate Level Phosphorylation

Answer 15

Transferring high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate directly to ADP

Question 16

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 16

Removes electrons and passes them through the electron transport chain to oxygen

generates an electrochemical gradient which drives fromation of ATP

Question 17

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Photophosphorylation

Answer 17

Chlorophyll Photosynthesis

only in chlorophyll containing plants

Question 18

Protein/AA Catabolism

Deamination

Answer 18

amino group removal from amino acids so they can enter the TCA Cycle

Question 19

Protein/AA Catabolism

Amino acids are ……… to produce ……….

Answer 19

oxidized, ATP

Question 20

Protein/AA Anabolism

Protein synthesis from amino acids is called ……… and carried out in …………

Answer 20

Translation, Ribosomes

Question 21

Protein/AA Anabolism

The Essential Amino Acids are:

Answer 21

Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Trp, Phe, Thr, Lys, His

Question 22

Protein/AA Anabolism

Essential AA must be ….

Answer 22

Present in the diet as they cannot be synthesized

Question 23

Protein/AA Anabolism

How can the rest of the AA be synthesized?

Answer 23

In body cells using Transamination

Question 24

Protein/AA Anabolism

What 2 parts are needed for Transamination?

Answer 24

Carbon Skeleton and amino group

Amino group adds onto carbon skeleton to farm AA

Question 25

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism DNA and RNA are degraded by .....

Answer 25

enzymes

Question 26

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism Nucleotides are degraded into ....... by .........

Answer 26

Nucleosides, enzymes

Question 27

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism Nucleosides are degraded into ....... by .......

Answer 27

bases, enzymes

Question 28

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism What bases are nucleosides degraded into?

Answer 28

Purines and pyrimidines

Question 29

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism What does Purine degrade into?

Answer 29

uric acid

Question 30

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism What does pyrimidine degrade into?

Answer 30

CO2, NH3, and B-AA | B= beta

Question 31

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism DNA goes through what types of anabolism?

Answer 31

Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Question 32

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism RNA goes through what types of anabolism?

Answer 32

synthesis and processing

Question 33

# Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism What types of nucleotide synthesis is there?

Answer 33

De Novo and the Salvage Pathway

Question 34

# Carbohydrate Catabolism Starch and glucose are broken down by enzymes to produce.....

Answer 34

glucoses

Question 35

# Carbohydrate Catabolism Glucose catabolism includes:

Answer 35

gycolysis, TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 36

# Carbohydrate Anabolism Gluconeogenesis

Answer 36

synthesizing glucoses

Question 37

# Carbohydrate Anabolism Photosynthesis

Answer 37

synthesizing glucoses

Question 38

# Carbohydrate Anabolism Glycogenesis

Answer 38

Storage of glucoses in the form of polysaccharides

Question 39

# Lipid Catabolism What is the name for Lipid Catabolism

Answer 39

Lipolysis

Question 40

# Lipid Catabolism Tryglycerides split into ....

Answer 40

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 41

# Lipid Catabolism Why is this done?

Answer 41

So muscles, liver, and adipose tissues can oxdize fatty acids

Question 42

# Lipid Anabolism What is lipid anabolism called?

Answer 42

Lipogenesis

Question 43

# Lipid Anabolism Which cells synthesis lipids?

Answer 43

Liver and adipose cells

Question 44

# Lipid Anabolism What do they synthesis lipids from?

Answer 44

glucose or amino acids

Question 45

# Lipid Anabolism Why does lipogenesis occur?

Answer 45

When we consume more calories than needed for ATP production