Ch. 19

Question 1

Defecation

Answer 1

Evacuation of fecal material from the intestines

Question 2

Emesis Basin

Answer 2

Kidney shaped vessels for the collection of vomitus

Question 3

Enema

Answer 3

Liquid injected or to be injected into rectum

Question 4

Enterostomal Therapist

Answer 4

Health professional, with special training and certification in the care of ostomy and related concerns

Question 5

Flatus

Answer 5

Gas or air evacuated through the anus

Question 6

Fowler Position

Answer 6

Position in which the patient’s head is raised 18 or 20 inches above the flat position, the knees are also raised

Question 7

Loopogram

Answer 7

Radiographic evaluation of the small and large bowel that has been connected to the skin surface as a substitute for the urinary bladder with an ostomy

Question 8

Low-Residue Diet

Answer 8

Diet that gives the least possible fecal, residue, such as gelatin, broth, rice

Question 9

Lumen

Answer 9

Cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ

Question 10

Nasogastric (NG) Tubes

Answer 10

Tubes of soft rubber or plastic inserted through the nostril and into the stomach, for installing liquid foods or other substances or withdrawing gastric contents

Question 11

Ostomate

Answer 11

One who has undergone enterostomy or ureterostomy

Question 12

Perineum

Answer 12

Region between the thighs, bound in the male by the scrotum and anus and the female by the Vulva and anus

Question 13

Purgation

Answer 13

Relief of fecal matter affected by a cathartic

Question 14

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 14

Procedure used to see inside the semi colon and rectum with the flexible tube that has a camera at the end and is placed through the anus

Question 15

Sims Position

Answer 15

Position in which the patient lies on the left side with the right knee and thigh, flexed in the left arm, parallel along the back

Question 16

Virtual Colonoscopy

Answer 16

It is performed on a multi l-slice computed tomography scanner that takes up to 600 two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the colon in approximately 30

Question 17

Viscosity

Answer 17

Physical property of liquids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces

Question 18

If the patient is cramping during a barium enema, what should be done?

Answer 18

Stop the enema and have the patient utilize deep oral breathing

Question 19

How far do you insert the tip of a barium enema on a patient?

Answer 19

1 to 1 and one-half inches

Question 20

Why do we perform cleansing enemas?

Answer 20

To help eliminate waste when a patient can not do it on their own

Question 21

If a patient has a fracture or disability that makes using a bed pan difficult. A _ can be used instead

Answer 21

Fracture pan

Question 22

What are the 5 steps for changing a dressing?

Answer 22

1. Wash hands
2. Remove dressing with gloved hands and place it in a bag
3. Reapply after engaging in a sterile technique
4. Tape is cut in lengths needed but not placed on the sterile field
5. Gloves are put on and dressing is applied and hands are washed again

Question 23

What are the two things you should not do regarding a sterile field?

Answer 23

1. Do not reach across a sterile field
2. Do not flip or toss objects on the sterile field

Question 24

What position is the patient placed in for an NG tube insertion?

Answer 24

High fowlers

Question 25

An NG tube enters through the _ into the stomach

Answer 25

nasopharynx

Question 26

Double-contrast barium enema: Single contrast barium enema:

Answer 26

- Consists of both barium and air - just barium

Question 27

Desirable characteristics of a barium suspension include: 1. rapid flow 2. good mucosal adhesion 3. thick layering

Answer 27

rapid flow good mucosal adhesion

Question 28

What should be told to the patient after they receive barium?

Answer 28

- Stools are typically white or light-colored until all of the barium is expelled - Patient should increase fluid intake and dietary fiber for several days unless medically contraindicated and should rest after the examination

Question 29

The most common types of nasogastric tubes is:

Answer 29

Levin

Question 30

Can you clamp a double-lumen tube? How can leakage from a double-lumen tube be prevented?

Answer 30

- No, you cannot clamp a double-lumen tube! - Use a barrel of a piston-like syringe

Question 31

Bedpans should be:

Answer 31

sterilized between uses

Question 32

Hypertonic solution is used when:

Answer 32

the patient cannot tolerate large amounts of fluids

Question 33

A postural drop in blood pressure can occur after a barium enema as a result of

Answer 33

Dehydration

Question 33

The normal adult patient should be able to tolerate how much fluid from a cleansing enema?

Answer 33

500 mL

Question 34

With a double-barrel colostomy, the proximal stoma delivers ____ and the distal stoma delivers ____

Answer 34

stool/mucus

Question 35

Approximately what percentage of colostomy patients has recurrences of cancer?

Answer 35

10%

Question 36

Where is an Nasogastric (NG) tube inserted? What are they used for?

Answer 36

Plastic or rubber tubes inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach. Primarily used for administration of medication and gastric decompression or removal of flats and fluids from the stomach after intestinal obstruction or major trauma

Question 37

What is the most common NG Tube?

Answer 37

Levin Tube

Question 38

What are the different types of enemas called?

Answer 38

- Tap water (hypotonic) - Fleet enema (hypertonic) - Safest enema for infants (saline) - Hypertonic Solutions - Soap suds solutions

Question 39

Give some examples of why we would perform a contrast enema examination?

Answer 39

- Diverticular Diseases - Inflammatory bowl disease - Colon cancer screening - Polyps - Incomplete colonoscopy

Question 40

How high should barium bags be suspended above the table?

Answer 40

24-30 inches

Question 41

Most aspects of bowel preparations consist of the following:

Answer 41

-Dietary restrictions usually in the form of minimal or low residue; restricting foods that increase bowel activity such as milk products -Purgation; using a variety of laxatives to evacuate fecal material from the bowel -Hydration; a clear liquid diet as often prescribed for the 24 hour period before a barium examination -Cleansing enemas; this technique is a liquid treatment most commonly used to relieve severe constipation. This process helps to eliminate waste when individual cannot do so on their own. (Tapwater, saline solutions, hypertonic, solutions, and soap, sudd solutions)

Question 42

Barium minimum is administered in a examination to investigate an aid in the Diagnosis of pathological conditions that may affect the ____ or _____

Answer 42

Colon or lower gastrointestinal track; single-contrast or double-contrast barium enemas may be ordered

Question 43

The catheter end of a barium enema may have a ____ tip or an _____ attached

Answer 43

Plain Tip or Inflatable cuff (balloon)

Question 44

Postprocedural instructions after barium enemas:

Answer 44

-barium has hydroscopic qualities, which means that it will absorb fluid from the valve, which can cause dehydration -stools are typically white or light colored until all of the barium is expelled, if there is a lack of bowel movement within 24 hours after the study contact personal physician -the patient should increase fluid intake and dietary fiber for several days and less medically contraindicated and should be instructed to rest after the examination

Question 45

Approximately what percent of patients have their bowels removed owing to the reinsurance of their cancer?

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

Hypertonic solution is used when a patient _____

Answer 46

Cannot tolerate large amounts of liquid

Question 47

What is the atomic number of barium?

Answer 47

#56