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Child Development > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the 3 letters of the DNA alphabet

A

A C T J

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2
Q

a group of 3 bases is called

A

codons

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3
Q

genes combine into large rod like structures called

A

chromosomes

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4
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do we have

A

23

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5
Q

how many total chromosomes do we have

A

46

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6
Q

meiosis creates sex cells called

A

gametes

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7
Q

germ cells divide into 4 ______ cells

A

daughter

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8
Q

if a sperm with an X chromosomes fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be a

A

girl

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9
Q

some differences arise from _____ ,or when parts of chromosomes get rearranged with parts of other chromosomes

A

translocation

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10
Q

sometimes there are sections of the chromosomes that _____ each other and create new genetic combinations in the new cells

A

crossover

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11
Q

the only 2 individuals who can share the same chromosomes

A

identical twins

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12
Q

the other name for identical twins

A

monozygotic twins

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13
Q

what type of alleles make the effect of any other allele of the same gene

A

dominant

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14
Q

what type of alleles only show up if both parents pass them on to their child

A

recessive

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15
Q

what type of alleles are both expressed in a child

A

codominant

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16
Q

genetic disorders can be dominant, recessive and

A

sex linked

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17
Q

sometimes geographic and _____ backgrounds make people prone to certain genetic disorders

A

ethnic

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18
Q

some disorders occur as a result of random errors involving an incorrect number of

A

chromosomes

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19
Q

who can educate people about genetic disorders before or after pregnancy

A

genetic counselors

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20
Q

what type of test can doctors run to determine people’s risk factors or current conditions

A

screening tests

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21
Q

what describes a persons dominant and recessive genes

A

genotype

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22
Q

a persons location, diet , how they are treated by others, and other factors called

A

their environment

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23
Q

a persons _____ is the way in which all of a persons traits are expressed

A

phenotype

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24
Q

development

A

the origins of the genetic structures that determine embryos

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25
Heredity
transmissions of traits and characteristics from parent to child by genes
26
genetics
the study of genes or heredity
27
1 egg meets 1 sperm and 1 zygote splits into 2
monozygotic twins or identical twins
28
2 eggs meets 2 sperms and share only 50 percent of genetic material
Dizygotic twins or fraternal twins
29
chance of twins increases
with maternal age or use of fertility drugs
30
Genetic counseling
addresses chances of genetic abnormalities
31
Amniocentesis
performed between 14-16 weeks
32
ultrasound
tracks fetal growth and determines age, sex and structural care
33
conception
egg and sperm meet succesfully
34
what are some causes of fertility problems
low sperm count, deformed sperm, any thing that impacts you from getting pregnant
35
artificial insemination
sperm injected into uterus (think turkey baster)
36
In Vitro Fertlization
egg and sperm are fertilized in a dish then implanted in the uterus
37
Surrogates
carries the baby for someone else, not biologically theirs
38
adoption
last option for having children
39
Germinal State
period from conceptions (2 weeks)
40
how many hours does the zygote begin dividing
36
41
how long does the zygote wander in the uterus before implanting
3-4 days
42
how long does implantation take
1 week or so
43
other name for miscarriage
spontaneous abortion
44
when do most miscarriages occur
in the 1st 3 months
45
what is an ectopic pregnancy
when the zygote attaches to the fallopian tube instead of implanting in the uterus
46
when is the embryo stage
week 3 to 8
47
cephalocaudal
head develops before everything else (big head)
48
Proximodistal
development from central axis to outward ( limbs)
49
Where is the Ectoderm located on the embryonic disc
outer layer
50
what does the ectoderm develop
nervous system, hair, nails
51
where is the endoderm located on the embryonic disc
inner layer
52
what does the endoderm develop
pancreas, liver, digestive system
53
where is the mesoderm located on the embryonic stage
middle layer
54
what does mesoderm develop
reproductive system, circulatory system, muscles, skeletons
55
what is an amniotic sac
the clear membrane that protects the fetus and filters between both blood streams
56
what is a placenta
provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
57
what connects the fetus to the placenta
the umbilical cord
58
when is the fetal stage
3rd month through birth
59
what can the fetus do during the 2nd trimister
open and shut eyes, sucks thumbs, responds to light and sounds
60
what can the fetus do during the 3rd trimister
gain weight and length, heart and lungs increase capability, turns upside down
61
when does the fetus begin to move
during the 4th and 5th month
62
what are teratogens
agents that can harm the fetus during pregnancy
63
examples of some teratogens
malnutrition, obesity, STIs, drugs, alchol, HIV, pre eclampsia
64
what is pre eclampsia
when your blood pressure is too high so baby must be born asap to relive
65
what is Rh
where mothers own body tries to attack the fetus
66
how can doctors make sure that babies don't contract their mothers HIV
through a controlled c- section or vaginally by slamming baby with medication after delivery
67
how can doctors help mothers with Rh incompatibility
by giving mothers shots that trick the body into not attacking the fetus
68
what does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
69
what is mitosis
the cell division process by which growth occurs and tissues are replaced
70
where are sperm and ova produced
testes and ovaries
71
people who bear 1 dominant and 1 recessive are called
carriers
72
what syndrome does people that have the 21st pair of chromosomes has an extra , or 3rd chromosome
down syndrome or trisomy 21
73
phenylketonuria (PKU) is transmitted by what type of gene
recessive
74
sickle cell anemia is caused by what type of gene
recessive
75
what is fertlization
the union of ovum and sperm
76
what is the most common reason in women to be infertile
failure to ovulate
77
what percent of overlap do parents and children have in their endowment
50
78
development from infancy to puberty is ?
child
79
what age is infancy
1st 2 years of life
80
what ages are early childhood
ages 2 to 5
81
what ages are middle childhood
ages 6 to 12
82
what does tabula mean
a blank tablet or clean slate

Child Development (1 decks)

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