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cloud computing summer > ch 2 > Flashcards

ch 2 Flashcards

cloud ecosystem (50 cards)

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1
Q

the cloud computing infrastructure at Amazon, Google, Microsoft

A
  • amazon is a pioneer at IAAS
  • google efforts is focused on SAAS and PAAS
  • microsoft involved in PAAS
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2
Q

Open-source cloud computing services

A
  • euclayptus
  • Open Nebula
  • Nimbus
  • open stack
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3
Q

what does the infrastructure consist of in the cloud?

A

compute and storage servers interconnected by high-speed network and supports a set of services.

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4
Q

what does the application developer do?

A
  1. install applications on a platform of his choice
  2. manage resources provided by Amazon
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5
Q

explain AWS regions and availability zones

A
  • Amazon provides cloud services through a network of data centers on several continents.
  • In each region there are several availability zones interconnected by high-speed network
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6
Q

what is an availability zone?

A

an availability zone is a data center consisting of a large number of servers

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7
Q

True or False?
Regions do not share resources and communicate through the Internet.

A

True

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8
Q

what is an instance Define

A

an instance is a virtual server with a well-specified set of resources

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9
Q

what are some of the resources included in an instance

A

CPU cycles, main memory, secondary storage, communication and I/O bandwidth

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10
Q

what the user can choose when he buys an instance?

A
  1. the region and the availability where this virtual server should be placed
  2. the instance type from a limited menu of instance types.
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11
Q

True or False?
when an instance launches the user needs to pay for DNS.

A

False,
it comes with the DNS name when the instance launches.

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12
Q

what does the DNS name do in the cloud?

A
  1. Private IP Address: for internal communication within the internal EC2 communication network.
  2. Public IP Address: for communication outside the internal Amazon network. eg. for communication with the user that launched the instance.
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13
Q

explain some of AWS instance’s attributes

A
  • Network Address Translation (NAT): maps external IP addresses into internal ones
  • The public IP address:
  • an instance can request an elastic IP address.
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14
Q

Explain elastic IP address

A

elastic IP address is a static public IP address allocated to an instance from the availability zone that is not released when the instance is stopped or terminated

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15
Q

steps to run an application

A
  • Retrieve the user input from the front end.
  • Retrieve the disk image of a VM (Virtual Machine) from a repository.
  • Locate a system and request the hypervisor running on that system to set up a VM.
  • Invoke the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and the IP bridging software to set up MAC and IP addresses for the VM.
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16
Q

Explain the three ways that users can interact with AWS

A
  • AWS Management Console
  • AWS SDK libraries and toolkits
  • Raw REST requests
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17
Q

Give examples of AWS

A
  • AWS Management Console
  • Elastic Cloud Computing EC2
  • S3
  • SQS
  • EBS
  • Cloud Watch
  • Auto Scaling
  • Virtual Private Cloud
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18
Q

What does EC2 do?

A

it’s a web service that allows the user to launch instances of applications under a variety of operating systems

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19
Q

What does AWS Management Console do?

A

Allow the user to access the services provided/offered by the cloud

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20
Q

What does a Simple Queuing message (SQS) do?

A

Allows multiple EC2 instances to communicate with one another

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21
Q

what is the difference between S3, simple DB, and EC2?

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A

they are all cloud storage

22
Q

What does Cloud Watch do?

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A

supports performance monitoring

23
Q

What does Auto Scaling do?

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A

support elastic resource management

24
Q

What does Virtual Private Cloud do?

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A

allows direct migration of parallel applications

25
EC2 operating examples
* several Linux distributions * Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and 2008 * OpenSolaris * FreeBSD * NetBSD
26
what the user can do in EC2
* Load EC2 instance with a custom application environment * Manage network's access permission * Run the Image using as many or as few systems as desired * import virtual machine images from the environment * boot from AMI and digitally signed and stored in S3
27
what the users can access in EC2
1. Images provided by Amazon 2. Customize an image and store it in S3
28
what are the resources that EC2 is characterized by?
* virtual computers (VC) * Compute Units (CU) * Memory * I/O capabilities
29
what are the types of instances?
* Standard instances : * Mirco (StdM) * Small * Large * extra-large (StdXL) * High memory instances: * high memory extra large * high memory double extra large * high memory quadruple extra large * High CPU instances * high_CPU extra large * Cluster Computing
30
the instance cost is very high or low
it's low-cost and that is a main attraction
31
what is S3
it's a simple storage system made for storing large objects, an application can handle an unlimited number of objects ranging from 1 byte to 5 terra-byte
32
what does S3 support and not support
S3 supports: read, write, delete s3 doesn't support: copy, rename, and move object from one bucket to another
33
what is written in ETag
MD5 of the object is written and returns in this field
34
what is the benefit of ETag?
so the user is expected to compute the MD5 of the object and compare it with the value in the ETag if the two values don't match then the file is corrupted during transmission or storage
35
what does Cloud Watch do?
monitoring infrastructure used by application developers, users, and systems to collect and track metrics
36
two types of cloud watch
* Basic monitoring: free of charge, collects the data at 5 mins interval * Detailed monitoring: subject to charge, collects the data at one minute interval
37
**What do you know about?** Route 53
low latency DNS
38
**What do you know about?** Elastic MapReduce
supports processing or large amounts of data using hosted Hadoop in EC2
39
**What do you know about?** Simple Workflow Service
supports workflow management
40
**What do you know about?** ElastiCache
enables web applications to retrieve data from a managed in-memory caching
41
**What do you know about?** DynamoDB
**scalable** and **low latency** **fully managed** NoSQL database service
42
**What do you know about?** CloudFront
web service for content delivery
43
**What do you know about?** Elastic Load Balancer
automatically distributes the incoming requests across multiple instances of the application
44
**What do you know about?** Elastic BeanStalk
handles and manage everything * handles automatically deployment, capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling, and application monitoring functions.
45
**What do you know about?** CloudFormation
allows the creation of a stack describing the infrastructure for an application.
46
**What do you know about?** Open-Nebula
private cloud the system is centralized, and the default file system is NFS
47
**What do you know about?** Nimbus
used in scientific applications
48
**What do you know about?** vendor lock-in
* It happens when a large organization has a single cloud service provider. * The provider could increase the prices, or the service could be unavailable or could have a system failure * switching to another provider could be very costly * The solution is RAID
49
what is the service level agreement
the agreements between the user and the service provider
50
**What do you know about?** cloud interoperability; the intercloud
correlation of clouds that cooperate together for a better user experience

cloud computing summer (3 decks)

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