CH 2

Question 1

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest

Answer 1

antecedent

Question 2

Refers to the fact that behavior is modified by its consequences regardless of the persons’s awareness

Answer 2

automaticity of reinforcement

Question 3

In general, an unpleasant or noxious stimulus more technically, a stimulus change or condition that function (a) to evoke a behavior that has terminate it in the past; (b) as a punisher when presented following behavior, (c) as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior

Answer 3

aversive stimulus

Question 4

The activity of living organisms; include everything that people do. How an organism interact with its environment.

Answer 4

behavior

Question 5

A technologically consistent method for changing behavior derived from one ore more principles of behavior (differential reinforcement, response cost) generally across subjects, settings, and or behaviors to warrant its codification and dissemination

Answer 5

behavior change tactic

Question 6

a previously neutral stimulus change that function as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers - learned punisher

Answer 6

conditioned punisher

Question 7

a learned stimulus response based on a persons history of interactions with the environment

Answer 7

conditioned reflex

Question 8

a stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned reinforcer

Answer 8

conditioned reinforcer

Question 9

the stimulus component of a conditioned reflex- formally a neutral stimulus that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus- learned

Answer 9

conditioned stimulus

Question 10

gradually diminishing response strength

Answer 10

habituation

Question 11

refers to dependent and or temporal relations between operant behavior and controlling variables

Answer 11

contingency

Question 12

describes reinforcement or punishment that is delivered only after the target behavior has occurred

Answer 12

contingent

Question 13

the state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcement. Holding a persons access to reinforcer for a specific period of time

Answer 13

deprivation

Question 14

a behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than it does in others

Answer 14

discriminate operant

Question 15

a stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforce in the absence of which the same type of response have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 15

discriminative stimulus

Question 16

new stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit respondent

Answer 16

respondent conditioning

Question 17

the discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of the behavior until it reaches are pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur

Answer 17

extinction

Question 18

a stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behaviors- metronome did not increase dog salivations

Answer 18

neutral stimulus

Question 19

development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a NS with a CS- also known as secondary conditioning

Answer 19

higher order conditioning

Question 20

the repertoire of behaviors each person brings to any situation has been selected, shaped, and maintained by his or her unique history of reinforcement

Answer 20

history of reinforcement

Question 21

a environmental variable that can increase or decrease effectiveness of the consequence

Answer 21

motivating operation

Question 22

after a behavior an already present stimulus is removed from the environment or reduced (usually adverse) the behavior frequency increases . Characterized to escape or avoid current contingencies

Answer 22

negative reinforcement

Question 23

any behavior whose future frequency is determined primarily by its history of consequence.

Answer 23

operant behavior

Question 24

the process and selective effects of consequence on behavior.

Answer 24

operant conditioning

Question 25

natural selection in the evolution of a species

Answer 25

phylogeny

Question 26

a stimulus change the decrease the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it.

Answer 26

punisher

Question 27

occurs with the stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases future frequency of that type of behavior

Answer 27

punishment

Question 28

after a behavior a new stimulus is added or increased and as a result the behavior occurs more often in the future

Answer 28

positive reinforcement

Question 29

a statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species behaviors and time. An empirical generalization inferred from many experiments demonstrating the same functional relation

Answer 29

principle of behavior

Question 30

a stimulus change the decrease the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it.

Answer 30

punisher

Question 31

a decrease in frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that follows the behavior. It reduces the effects of the reinforcement- eating to much food- when food it reinforcer

Answer 31

satiation

Question 32

a stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior with out prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement

Answer 32

unconditioned reinforcer

Question 33

Antecedent, behavior, consequence make up this. Is considered the basic unit of analysis when analyzing operant behavior.

Answer 33

three-term contingency

Question 34

a stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of a behavior that precedes it with out prior pairing with any other form of a punisher

Answer 34

unconditioned punisher