Ch. 2

Question 1

The holy scriptures of Hinduism, traditionally recited by Brahmins and passed down by them orally

Answer 1

Vedas

Question 2

The affect or emotional state associated with a raga or other artistic expression

Answer 2

Rasa

Question 3

In music, referring to North Indian musical style

Answer 3

Hindustani

Question 4

In music, referring to South Indian music style

Answer 4

Carnatic

Question 5

A school of professional musicians who originally traced their heritage to a family tradition but which now includes non-biological descendants as well

Answer 5

Gharana

Question 6

Pupil of a Hindu master

Answer 6

Shishya

Question 7

A Hindu teacher

Answer 7

Guru

Question 8

A scale and its associated musical characteristics

Answer 8

Raga

Question 9

Meter

Answer 9

Tala

Question 10

Raga improvisation in free rhythm

Answer 10

Alap

Question 11

The section of Hindustani instrumental performance that follows alap and introduces a pulse

Answer 11

Jor

Question 12

The concluding section of instrumental improvisation following jor in Hindustani music during which the performer makes lively and fast rhythmic patterns on the drone strings of an instrument

Answer 12

Jhala

Question 13

A formulaic cadential pattern, normally repeated three times with calculated rests between each statement so that the performance ends on sam

Answer 13

Tihai

Question 14

A rapid and florid kind of improvised melodic passage in Hindustani music

Answer 14

Taan

Question 15

Rhythmic syllable in Hindustani music

Answer 15

Bol

Question 16

The first beat in a tala

Answer 16

Sam

Question 17

Three foundational composers of Carnatic music

Answer 17

The Trinity

Question 18

The three major song types of Carnatic music, divided into three parts

Answer 18

Kriti

Question 19

Double-headed, barrel-shaped drum of Carnatic music

Answer 19

Mridangam

Question 20

Popular songs composed for Indian films

Answer 20

Filmigit

Question 21

A genre of Sufi Muslim music popular throughout North India and Pakistan, which uses harmonium and tabla, and involves the singing of Persian poetry

Answer 21

Qawwali

Question 22

Form of Islamic worship involving communal ritual ceremonies featuring participatory practices such as singing, chanting, music and dance

Answer 22

Sufism

Question 23

A community of itinerant musicians in West Bengal and Bangladesh who preach tolerance and oneness through music and dance

Answer 23

Bauls

Question 24

What are the two Indian classical music systems?

Answer 24

Hindustani and Carnatic

Question 25

How was Hindustani music developed?

Answer 25

Developed through an oral transmission, where the musical knowledge was guarded by mainly Muslim families of professional musicians

Question 26

Who is Baba Allaudin Khan?

Answer 26

He is one of the most well-known sarod players. He was a shishya to Wazir Khan.

Question 27

What are the four parts of traditional Hindustani music in order?

Answer 27

Begins with alap, which is an improvised section. Next is jor, which introduces the pulse. Next is jhala, which is an instrumental piece with fast patterns. Lastly is tihai, which is a three-section ending pattern.

Question 28

Which famous music group helped make Hindustani music famous in the West?

Answer 28

The Beatles

Question 29

What is the origin of Carnatic music?

Answer 29

Stems from the music of South Indian Hindu wandering minstrels in the late 18th century

Question 30

Who is the grandfather of Carnatic music?

Answer 30

Purandara Dasa

Question 31

What is the Trinity and what are they famous for?

Answer 31

This is a group of three composers who all sing in different languages and are famous for developing a number of structural forms still used in Carnatic music today

Question 32

What is the most important difference between Hindustani and Carnatic?

Answer 32

Hindustani is unique for its instrumental, improvised tradition, while Carnatic music is based on compositions whose composers are well-known

Question 33

What is the difference between the sitar and the veena?

Answer 33

The sitar is held up at an angle on the shoulder, while the veena is laid horizontally across one’s lap. The sitar’s frets are moveable while the veena’s frets are built into the instrument

Question 34

What European instrument is important to Carnatic music?

Answer 34

The violin is important and used as an accompaniment to a vocal performance or as the lead instrument

Question 35

What is Bollywood and where did it emerge from?

Answer 35

Bollywood is a large music and film industry in India, which emerged from a lively Indian musical theater scene

Question 36

How is Qawwali connected to Hindustani music?

Answer 36

Qawwali developed through the work of Amir Khusrao, who is also considered to be a founder of Hindustani

Question 37

Who is Abida Parveen and why is she important?

Answer 37

She is a highly regarded Qawwali singer who is active in the public eye, such as collaborations and singing shows

Question 38

What was the Taliban’s effect on music in Afghanistan?

Answer 38

They banned virtually all music, believing that music is sensual. After gaining control of Kabul in 1996, they imprisoned those with cassette tapes and musical instruments were hung in executions

Question 39

What is the national music and dance of Sri Lanka?

Answer 39

Kendyan Dance

Question 40

What is Coke Studio?

Answer 40

A show originating in Brazil where performances are held onstage and broadcasted for a viewing public