ch 2 chemistry Flashcards
(16 cards)
Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element, that consist of a subatomic particle that have mass and charge
Atomic number
A one or two letter chemical shorthand that is used to designate each element.
Isotopes
Atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties
Energy
defined as the capacity to do work or put into motion
Ion
An atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge
Covalent Bond
when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in the valence shell
Valence shell
refers to an atom’s outermost energy level or that portion of it containing the electrons that are chemically reactive
chemistry
the interaction of matter
Buffer
is a solution that resist a change in PH
Mixtures
are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed. Three basic types are solutions, colloids, and suspensions
Acid
is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance
base
A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid
Carbohydrates
are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Lipids
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
proteins
a protein is a biomolecule comprised of amino acid residues joined together by peptide bonds. ex. keratin, amylase, lipase, lugumes
Nucleic acid
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
