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232: Veterinary Dentistry > Ch. 2: Dental Examination > Flashcards

Ch. 2: Dental Examination Flashcards

1
Q

What areas of the oral cavity should you examine when placing an ET tube?

A

Examine the pharynx, tonsils, and tongue

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2
Q

What is the normal occlusion called in dogs and cats?

A

A scissor bite (The mandibular teeth come into contact with the palatal side of the maxillary teeth

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3
Q

What is the palatal side of the incisors called?

A

Cingulum

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4
Q

The maxillary premolar teeth do not contact the mandibular premolar teeth.

True or False?

A

True; the crown cusps of the mandibular premolar teeth are positioned lingual to the arch of the maxillary premolar teeth

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5
Q

The mandibular teeth are approximately how much in front of their maxillary counterparts (pertaining to premolars)

A

1/2 of a tooth

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6
Q

What is periodontics?

A

Perio means around; dontics means tooth

Treatment of conditions in the surrounding tooth structure

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7
Q

Orthodontics definition

A

Treatment of disease related to the way the teeth fit together

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8
Q

Pedodontics definition

A

Pretains to the pediatric side of dentistry so this is dealing with puppy and kitten dental concerns

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9
Q

Prosthodontics definition

A

Restoring teeth to their normal shape (designing, manufacturing, and fitting of artificial replacements

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10
Q

What is the area of dental specialty that deals with the inside of the tooth?
A. Prosthodontics
B. Endodontics
C. Periodontics
D. Pedodontics

A

B. Endodontics; treats the inside or the pulp of the tooth

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11
Q

What is anodontia?

A

The absence of teeth

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12
Q

What are reasons for missing teeth in dogs or cats?

A

They may have never developed, they are slowly erupting (slower than normal), or they were present but fell out

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13
Q

Which breeds are likely to retain their teeth in the bone subgingivally?

A

Boxer, pug, and dachshund

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14
Q

What can retention of the teeth in the bone subgingivally result in?

A

This may lead to the formation of a dentigerous or follicular cyst

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15
Q

What is the general rule of thumb with persistent primary teeth?

A

There is no room for two teeth of the same type in the mouth at the same time

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16
Q

What is dentinogenesis Imperfecta caused by?

A

Mutations of a specific protein called dentin sialophosphoprotein (DPP), which is necessary for initiation of mineralization of dentin

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17
Q

Patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta have what clinical signs?

A

Without DPP, the teeth become brittle and patients have discolored teeth that are susceptible to fracture

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18
Q

Operculum definition

A

The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth crown (difficult to assess)

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19
Q

What is pericoronitis/Operculitis?

A

An accumulation of oral debris bacteria beneath the tissue or biting the operculum with the opposing tooth leads to inflammation of the soft tissues

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20
Q

Which oral disease/disorder are West Highland Terriers most likely to have inherited?

A

Cranial Mandibular Osteodystrophy

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21
Q

What is cranial mandibular osteodystrophy?

A

Nonneoplastic bone forms in the region of the TMJ and occassionally extends into the mandible (Treated symptomotically for pain, that lessens as they age)

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22
Q

What are mandibular periostitis ossifications and which animals does it usually occur in?

A

Periosteal new bone formation, which is thought to be an inflammatory condition that spontaneously disappears and causes a unilateral swelling of the ventral portion of the mandible (seen radiographically), occurs in immature large breed dogs

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23
Q

If left untreated, fracture primary teeth may result in what?

A

Abscessation, which can cause a defect in enamel production known as enamel hypoplasia and can form a fistula

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24
Q

What can supernumerary teeth cause if teeth are not extracted?

A

Malpositioning and noneruption of tother teeth and/or serve plaque accumulation and predispose to periodontal disease owing to the lack of normal cleaning action

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25
Q

What are peg teeth?

A

Abnormally formed supernumerary teeth that generally occur in the canine and incisors

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26
Q

What is a gemini tooth?

A

A tooth bud that has partially divided in the attempt to form two teeth (With radiograph, one root with twin drowns will be seen)

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27
Q

What is Class 1 malocclusion characterized by?

A

An overall normal occlusion but one or more teeth are not anatomically correct

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28
Q

What are the different forms of Class 1 malocclusion?

A

Spearing (lance) canines, spearing (lance) lateral incisors, base-narrowed canines, rostral crossbite, and caudal crossbite

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29
Q

What is spearing (lancing) of the canines and which breeds is it common in?

A

The maxillary canines are tipped rostrally; common in shetland sheepdogs and Persian cats

30
Q

What can base-narrowed canines cause if left untreated?

A

Indentation into and ulceration of the hard palate, or even perforation of the palate

31
Q

What occurs with a Class 2 malocclusion?

A

The mandible is shorter than normal and can cause the adult canines and incisors to penetrate the hard palate, and irritation and ulceration of the hard palate may result

32
Q

What are the forms of Class 3 malocclusion?

A

Mandibular prognathism (madible is too long) and Maxillary brachygnathism (maxilla is too short)

33
Q

What are the forms of Class 4 malocclusion?

A

Asymmetrical skeletal (wry bite) (incisors do not align correctly) and Iatrogenic orthodontic disease (misguided attempts to correct problems that causes severe malalignment)

34
Q

When a mandibular tooth is misaligned buccally to a maxillary tooth in the rear of the mouth, it is called a:
A. Wrybite
B. Caudal crossbite
C. Mandibular brachygnathism
D. Based narrowed

A

B. Caudal crossbite

35
Q

Gingivitis is the first stage of periodontal disease and is caused by what?

A

It is caused by bacterial plaque

36
Q

What is contact mucositis aka contact ulcers and kissing ulcers?

A

Lesions in susceptible individuals that are secondary to mucosal contact with a tooth surface bearing the responsible irritant, allergen, or antigen

37
Q

What is glossitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the dorsal and/or ventral tongue surface

38
Q

What is cheilitis?

A

Inflamamtion of the lip, including the mucocutaneous junction area and skin of the lip

39
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

40
Q

What is stomatitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucous lining of any structures in the mouth; should be described as widespread oral inflammation that may also extend into submucosal tissues

41
Q

Juvenile periodontitis is a condition in cats, usually less than how many years of age?

A

3 years of age

42
Q

How is juvenile periodontitis characterized?

A

Minimal plaque and calculus but severe gingival inflammation

43
Q

What are the 4 different autoimmune conditions that affect the mouth?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), bullous pemphigoid (BUP), lupus erythematosus (LE), and masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)

44
Q

What is pemphigus vulgaris (PV)?

A

An autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against components of the protein structures that hold the cells together

45
Q

What are the signs of pemphigus vulgaris (PV)?

A

Oral blisters and/or ulcerative oral and mucocutaneous lesions

46
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid (BUP)?

A

An autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against the structures that hold the epithelium to the connective tissues

47
Q

What are the clinical signs of bullous pemphigoid (BUP)?

A

Erythematous, erosive, blistering, and/or ulcerative oral lesions

48
Q

What is lupus erythematosus (LE)?

A

An autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Involves the oral cavity, skin, and multiple organs)

49
Q

What is masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)?

A

Aka atrophic myositis, or eosinophilic myositis is an autoimmune disease caused by the body mistaking 2M fibers in the muscles of the jaw for bacteria

50
Q

What dog breeds does masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) mainly occur in?

A

Large breeds and cavalier king charles spaniels

51
Q

When acute masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is present, what are the clinical signs seen?

A

Bilateral swelling of the jaw muscles, drooling, pain in opening the mouth, third eyelid protrusion, red eyes, and exophthalmos

52
Q

After the acute phase of masticatory muscle myositis (MMM), what are the clinical signs seen?

A

Atrophy of the jaw muscles and scarring of the masticatory muscles caused by fibrosis that may result in an inability to open the mouth (trismus)

53
Q

What muscles are affected by MMM?

A

Temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles

54
Q

2M fibers are found everywhere in the body.

True or False?

A

False; they only occur in the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles of the jaw

55
Q

How is MMM diagnosed?

A

Biopsy of the temporalis or masseter muscles or the 2M antibody assay

56
Q

What is the treatment for MMM?

A

Corticosteroids (Prednisone) for up to 4-6 months

57
Q

What does MMM often get misdiagnosed as?

A

A retroorbital abscess

58
Q

Stains on the teeth usually result from what?

A

Occlusal wear and exposure of dentin

59
Q

Dentin and cementum are more resistant to staining then enamel.

True or False?

A

False; dentin and cementum stain easily

60
Q

Abrasions of the teeth are the result of what?

A

Repeated friction of the teeth against an external object such as hair or toys

61
Q

What is a common cause of abrasions on the teeth?

A

Tennis balls

62
Q

Attrition of the teeth are the result of what?

A

The friction of teeth against each other

63
Q

Attirtion commonly occurs with what abnormal occlusion?

A

Class 3 malocclusion (mandibular prognathism)

64
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Imperfect or abnormal enamel formation

65
Q

What are examples of amelogenesis imperfecta conditions?

A

Enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypo mineralization

66
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A

The area of the crown becomes dull and susceptible to flaking due to the absence or interruption of enamel forming cells

67
Q

What are causes of enamel hypoplasia?

A

High fever, trauma, traumatic extractions, or infection

68
Q

What are the two classes of caries?

A

Class 1 and Class V (5)

69
Q

How are class 1 caries characterized?

A

As pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

70
Q

How are class V caries characterized?

A

Pits and fissures on the buccal and labial surfaces

71
Q

Treatment options for caries?

A

Extraction, simple restorations, endodontic therapy, and crown restorations

72
Q

Class V caries are common in what species?

A

Cats

232: Veterinary Dentistry (15 decks)

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