Ch. 2 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

Observation

A

the process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses

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2
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation

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3
Q

prediction

A

a statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported; the expected outcome if a hypothesis is accurate

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4
Q

experiment

A

a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth

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5
Q

variable

A

a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis

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6
Q

experimental group

A

in an experiment, a group that is identical to a control group except for one factor and that is compared with the control group

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7
Q

control group

A

in an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor

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8
Q

data

A

any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation

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9
Q

correlation

A

the linear dependence between two variables

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10
Q

statistics

A

the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers

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11
Q

mean

A

the number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals

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12
Q

distribution

A

the relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population; usually shown in a graph

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13
Q

probability

A

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event

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14
Q

sample

A

the group of individuals or events selected to represent a statistical population

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15
Q

risk

A

the probability of an unwanted outcome

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16
Q

model

A

a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

17
Q

conceptual model

A

a verbal or graphical explanation for how a system works or is organized

18
Q

mathematical model

A

one or more equations that represent the way a system or process works

19
Q

value

A

a principle or standard that an individual considers to be important

20
Q

decision-making model

A

a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions