Ch 2 Physical Exam Flashcards by Brandon Bazeluk

Exaggerated IgE-mediated response triggering a histamine response

Atopy

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Any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism

Allergy

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Atopy has a ______ component

Hereditary

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Only essential tools for a physical exam

Hands

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Best lighting for examination

Daylight/natural light

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Annular

Ring Shaped

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Nummular

Round

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Arcuate

Arc Shaped

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Multiple different shapes located closely together

Multiform

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Formed from coalescing circles, rings, or incomplete rings

Polycyclic

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Target-like, with a center darker than the periphery

Targetoid

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Dot-like; typically, around 1 mm

Punctate

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With a central depression of the surface

Also known as “delled”

Umbilicated

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Resembling a straight line

Ex: Poison Ivy or scratches

Linear

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Serpentine or snake-like

Ex: Lymphadenitis

Serpiginous

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Most important additional feature of a lesion other than primary morphology

Lesion Color

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Borders are clearly defined and have a definitive ‘stop’ point

Well-demarcated

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Tight borders on a round lesion

Clear “beginning and end”

Circumscribed

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Borders are indistinct and lack a definitive start/stop point

Not well-demarcated

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Protein-rich fluid containing cellular elements extruded from blood vessels secondary to inflammation or injury

Exudate

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Thin, pink-colored discharge associated with normal wound healing

Serosanguinous

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Mild, yellow and cloudy discharge associated with mild infections

Seropurulent

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Thick, yellow to green discharge typically associated with infection

Purulent

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Thin, clear discharge associated with and expected in inflammatory stage of wound healing

Serous

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Thin, darker red drainage associated with capillary permeability and/or capillary injuries

Sanguineous

Dead crust =

Serum

Unilateral and lying in the distribution of a single spinal afferent nerve root

Dermatomal/Zosteriform

Lying along the distribution of a lymph vessel; implies infectious agent spreading from an acral (distal) site

Lymphangitic

Occurring in distal locations, such as on the hands, feet, wrists, ankles, ears, or penis

Distal (Acral)

Occurring on the trunk or central body

Truncal

Occurring in areas usually not covered by clothing; face, dorsal hands

Sun Exposed (AKA Photo-distributed)

Occurring in areas usually covered by clothes

Sun Protected

Occurring over the dorsal extremities (knees/elbows)

Extensor

Overlying the flexor muscles of the extremities (antecubital and popliteal fossae)

Flexor

Occurring in the skin folds, where 2 skin surfaces are in contact (axillae, inguinal folds, inner thighs, inframammary skin)

Intertriginous

Favoring the hair-bearing locations of the skin Scalp, eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases

Seborrheic

Confined to a single body location

Localized

Widespread Medical term for rash

Generalized

Lesions which develop as a direct result of the disease process

Primary lesions

Evolve from primary lesions or develop because of patient's activities Lesions which develop from longstanding/untreated disease

Secondary Lesions

Flat, circumscribed area of color change less than 1 cm in diameter

Macule

A flat, non-palpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

Patch

An elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter

Papule

An elevated firm, rough, lesion with flat top greater than 1 cm in diameter

Plaque

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial fluid-filled. Less than 1 cm.

Vesicle

Elevated, superficial lesion. Similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

Pustule

Vesicle greater than 1 cm

Bulla

An elevated, irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema. Solid, transient and variable diameter

Wheal (Hive)

Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in the dermis than a papule 1-2 cm in diameter

Nodule

Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deep in the dermis Greater than 2 cm

Tumor (mass)

Encapsulated lesion in the dermis or hypodermis; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

Cyst

Fine, irregular, red line produced by capillary dilation

Telangiectasia

Loose or adherent flake composed of stratum corneum cells

Scales

Rough and thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation. Accentuation of skin markings is often seen

Lichenification

Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated

Crust

Thick and fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury to the dermis. Epithelial tissue is replaced with connective tissue during the healing process

Scar

Overgrowth of scar tissue that remains confined to the site of initial injury

Hypertrophic scar

Enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to increased size of constituent cells

Hypertrophy

Irregularly shaped, elevated scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the initial injury or wound

Keloid

Keloids are more common in ___ skin types

IV-VI

Thinning of the skin and loss of skin markings. Skin can turn translucent and paper-like

Atrophy

Side-effect of long-term topical corticosteroid use Aging Striae

Atrophy

Loss of part of the epidermis

Erosion

Loss of epidermis and dermis

Ulcer

Loss of epidermis

Excoriation

Linear crack in skin continuity from epidermis to dermis

Fissure

Excessive hair (female) in non-hairy areas

Hirsutism

Variable patchy & round hair loss on scalp

Alopecia Areata

Hair loss secondary to excessive/constant traction

Traction Alopecia

Hair loss secondary to scar formation and follicle loss

Scarring Alopecia

Loss of all scalp hair

Alopecia Totalis

Loss of all body hair

Alopecia Universalis

Male pattern baldness

Androgenic Alopecia

Normal nail angle

160 degrees

Nail angle that would indicate clubbing

>180 degrees

Well circumscribed areas of thickened epidermal keratin that develop at locations of repeated pressure or friction

Callus

Develop similarly to calluses but have a central hyperkeratotic core that is often painful

Corn (clavus)

Human papillomavirus lesions that occur on the soles of feet

Plantar warts

Accumulation of melanocytes/nevus cells in dermis Symmetric brown macule or papule with smooth, regular borders

Nevus (Mole)

Abnormalities of the nails are typically grouped into 3 categories:

Injury Infection Systemic disease

Bleeding from nail bed secondary to trauma May lead to onycholysis

Subungual hematoma

Nail separates from distal nail bed Secondary to trauma, hematoma, fungus

Onycholysis

Ingrowing of nail, secondary to improper trimming technique, shoe compression

Onychocryptosis

Yellow, crumbling nail plate Hyperkeratotic debris beneath Onycholysis Due to fungal infection

Onychomycosis

Infection around nail Bacteria

Paronychia

Ch 2 Physical Exam Flashcards

(85 cards)