Ch 2 Slides (Exam 1)

Question 1

All living organisms contain ____ material made of the nucleic acid ____. (Except ____)

Answer 1

Genetic; DNA; Viruses

Question 2

An organism’s DNA, with its genes, is organized into ____.

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

In eukaryotes, two processes (____ and ____) are involved in ____ ____ of nucleated cells.

Answer 3

Mitosis; Meiosis; Genetic continuity

Question 4

Mitosis leads to the production of ____ cells, each with the same number of ____ as the ____ cell (__n).

Answer 4

Two; Chromosomes; Parent; 2

Question 5

Meiosis reduces ____ content and leads to production of ____ ____, which contains ____ the number of ____ (__n).

Answer 5

Genetic; Sex gametes; Half; Chromosomes; 1

Question 6

Chromosomes are visible as ____ ____ during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 6

Condensed structures

Question 7

Uncoiled chromosomes, ____, form a diffuse network within the ____.

Answer 7

Chromatin; Nucleus

Question 8

Prokaryotic cells are non____. Organisms include: ____ and ____.

Answer 8

Nonnucleated; Bacteria; Archaea

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells are ____. Organisms include: ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 9

Nucleated; Protists; Plants; Fungi; Animals

Question 10

Cell ____ is closely tied to ____ function.

Answer 10

Structure; Function

Question 11

____ ____ ____ allowed scientists to see the cell in its highly varied and organized structure.

Answer 11

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 12

Cell components directly or indirectly involved with genetic processes are the ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 12

Nucleolus; Ribosome; Centriole

Question 13

____ and ____ contain their own unique genetic information.

Answer 13

Mitochondria; Chloroplasts

Question 14

A plasma membrane:
1. Defines cell ____.
2. ____ cell from its ____ environment.
3. Controls ____ of material ____ and ____ of cell.

Answer 14

1. Boundary
2. Delimits; External
3. Movement; In; Out

Question 15

Plant cells have a cell ____ and are composed of ____ (____).

Answer 15

Wall; Polysaccharide; Cellulose

Question 16

Animal cells are surrounded by cell ____ (____), which is:
1. Made of ____ and ____.
2. Differs in chemical composition from ____ and ____.
3. Provides ____ identity at cell surface.
3a. Cell-surface markers ____, ____, and ____ antigens are found on _____ cells.
3b. Serve as ____ sites.

Answer 16

Coat; Glycocalyx
1. Glycoproteins; Polysaccharides
2. Plants; Bacteria
3. Biochemical
3a. AB; Rh; MN
3b. Recognition

Question 17

Nucleus houses DNA complexed with ____ into thin fibers (____).

Answer 17

Proteins; Chromatin

Question 18

The nucleolus is:
1. The location where ____ is synthesized and initially assembled.
2. ____ - portions of DNA that encode (previous answer).

Answer 18

1. rRNA
2. NOR (nucleolus organizer region)

Question 19

Prokaryotes house their genetic material (long, ____ DNA molecule) in a ____.

Answer 19

Circular; Nucleoid

Question 20

____ is the colloidal material which surrounds cellular organelles.

Answer 20

Cytosol

Question 21

Microtubules made of protein ____.

Answer 21

Tubulin

Question 21

Microfilaments derived from protein ____.

Answer 21

Actin

Question 21

____ is made of micro____ and micro____, and provides lattice support for structures within a cell.

Answer 21

Cytoskeleton; Microtubules; Microfilaments

Question 22

Which organelle compartmentalizes cytoplasm and increases surface area?

Answer 22

Membranous Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 23

____: site of lipid (fatty acid) synthesis.

Answer 23

Smooth ER

Question 24

____: studded with ____: site of protein synthesis.

Answer 24

Rough ER; ribosomes

Question 25

____: Site where genetic information in mRNA is translated to protein.

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

____: Site of oxidative phases of cell respiration and ____ synthesis.

Answer 26

Mitochondria; ATP

Question 27

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ____ distinct from that found in the ____.

Answer 27

DNA; nucleus

Question 28

____: Cytoplasmic bodies located in the ____ and organize spindle fibers that function in mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 28

Centrioles; Centrosome

Question 29

____ ____ play an important role in movement of chromosomes as they separate during cell division.

Answer 29

Spindle fibers

Question 30

Spindle fibers are composed of ____ consisting of ____ of protein ____.

Answer 30

Microtubules; Polymers; Tubulin

Question 31

Locations of centromere: 1. ____: Centromere location in the middle. 2. ____: Centromere location between middle and end. 3. ____: Centromere location close to end. 4. ____: Centromere location at end.

Answer 31

Metacentric; Submetacentric; Acrocentric; Telocentric

Question 32

____ cells (____ cells) derived from the same species have the same number of chromosomes - ____ number (2n).

Answer 32

Somatic; Body; Diploid

Question 33

Chromosomes exist in ____. Each (previous answer) is called ____ ____.

Answer 33

Pairs; Homologous chromosomes

Question 34

____: Number of chromosomes (often image format)

Answer 34

Karyotype

Question 35

Genetic information in ____ set of chromosomes constitutes ____ of species.

Answer 35

Haploid; Genome

Question 36

Homologous chromosomes have ____ genetic similarities. 1. Identical ____ ____ along their lengths. 1a. Each site is called a ____ (plural: ____).

Answer 36

Identical; Gene sites; Locus; Loci

Question 37

____ Inheritance (____ organisms): Inheritance from two parents (ovum and sperm). 1. Each pair of ____ derived from each parent. 1a. Each ____ contains two copies of each gene.

Answer 37

Biparental; Diploid; Loci; Diploid

Question 38

____: alternative forms of the same gene.

Answer 38

Allele

Question 39

____-determining chromosomes are not ____.

Answer 39

Sex; Homologous

Question 40

Y chromosome lacks most gene ____ contained on X chromosome.

Answer 40

Loci

Question 41

In single-celled organisms, ____ serves as basis for asexual reproduction.

Answer 41

Mitosis

Question 42

____ is responsible for wound healing, cell replacement, and growth in multicellular organisms.

Answer 42

Mitosis

Question 43

____: Single-celled fertilized egg.

Answer 43

Zygote

Question 44

____: Genetic material evenly divided into two ____ cells during ____ division.

Answer 44

Karyokinesis; Daughter; Nuclear

Question 45

____: follows karyokinesis; ____ division (Partitions cellular volume into ____ parts and encloses each cell with a ____ membrane.

Answer 45

Cytokinesis; Cytoplasmic; Two; Plasma

Question 46

G1 and G2 occur in ____. 1. No ____ ____ occurs. 2. Phase of ____ activity and cell growth ____.

Answer 46

Cytoplasm; DNA synthesis; Metabolic; Differentiation

Question 47

By the end of ____, cell has doubled in size.

Answer 47

G2

Question 48

____: Point in G1 where cells withdraw from cell cycle and enter nondividing but ____ active state.

Answer 48

G0; Metabolically