Ch 2 Terms

Question 1

Nucleon

Answer 1

Subatomic particle in the nucleus

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

Neutral neutron, slightly bigger than proton

Question 3

Proton

Answer 3

Positive nucleon, they identify where the atom is

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

Negative charge found in regions of space around nucleus

Question 5

Atomic number

Answer 5

Number of protons in the nucleus also the number of electrons in a neural atom

Question 6

Mass #

Answer 6

Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 7

Atomic weight

Answer 7

Average weight of naturally occurring isotopes of that element

Question 8

Atomic mass unit

Answer 8

One twelfth the mass of carbon-12 atom, unit used to measure the comparison of masses

Question 9

Absorption spectra

Answer 9

Spectra where electrons absorb discrete frequencies as light passes through material

Question 10

Emission spectra

Answer 10

Spectra where electrons are excited by potential difference of electricity

Question 11

Emission spectra

Answer 11

Spectra where electrons are excited by potential difference of electricity

Question 12

Isotope

Answer 12

Atom with different numbers of neutrons

Question 13

Energy level

Answer 13

Primary energy that the electrons have expressed as the counting number

Question 14

Excited state

Answer 14

Higher energy level that an electron achieves briefly before going back to its original state

Question 15

Ground state

Answer 15

Lowest energy level of an atom

Question 16

Quantum mechanics

Answer 16

Field in physics used to describe subatomic particles. Electrons can only have discrete energies/states

Question 17

DeBroglie Wavelength

Answer 17

Matter in motion travels in wave motion, but wave motion can not be observed for macroscopic objects, only significant in the subatomic level

Question 18

Transition element

Answer 18

React in a variety of ways donating electrons to form a chemical bond. All metals with a variety of physical and chemical properties

Question 19

Family

Answer 19

Vertical columns in the periodic table

Question 20

Alkali metal

Answer 20

All elements donate to form a chemical bond, react violently with water

Question 21

Period

Answer 21

Horizontal row of periodic table

Question 22

Alkali earth metal

Answer 22

Elements donate two electrons to form a chemical bond, react less violently to water than alkali metals

Question 23

Halogen

Answer 23

Elements accept one electron to form a chemical bond

Question 24

Noble gas

Answer 24

Generally don’t react with other elements, but might under extreme conditions

Question 25

Metal

Answer 25

Physical properties like mailable, luster, ductile and conduct heat/electricity. Generally donate electrons to form chemical bonds

Question 26

Nonmetal

Answer 26

Donate or accept electronic to form chemical bonds

Question 27

Metalloids

Answer 27

Physical and chemical properties in between metals and nonmetals

Question 28

Ionization energy

Answer 28

The amount of energy required to remove one electron(first ionization energy), second electron

Question 29

Electronegativity

Answer 29

Scale developed by Linus Pauling. Best element at taking electrons is fluorine, worst is francium

Question 30

Atomic radius

Answer 30

Radius of an atom. Value varies depending on ionic, covalent, or other

Question 31

Radioactive decay

Answer 31

The natural process of an element getting converted to a different element

Question 32

Half life

Answer 32

Amount of time for half the material to drop half it’s initial value

Question 33

Fusion

Answer 33

Atomic process where two lighter elements join together to form a heavier isotope

Question 34

Fission

Answer 34

Atomic process where a heavier atom splits into two or more lighter isotopes

Question 35

Radioactive dating

Answer 35

Method used to determine approximate age of objects based on the radioactive isotopes present

Question 36

Alpha particle

Answer 36

A helium nucleus

Question 37

Beta particles

Answer 37

A high speed electron that comes out of the nucleus

Question 38

X ray

Answer 38

Electromagnetic radiation produced from the rapid deceleration of electrons

Question 39

Gamma ray

Answer 39

electromagnetic radiation that originates from the nucleus of an atom

Question 40

Positron

Answer 40

Radioactive particle with the same mass as an electron but a positive charge that comes out the nucleus during radioactive decay