Ch. 2 --- Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical found within each chromosome; arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

Question 4

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 4

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces (amino acids).

Question 5

genes

Answer 5

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Question 6

karyotype

Answer 6

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numeric order to determine their number and structure.

Question 7

metabolism

Answer 7

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process.

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria. (From the Greek “mitos” meaning thread and “chondrion” meaning granule.)

Question 9

nucleus

Answer 9

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 10

ribosomes

Answer 10

Small granules on the ER of a cell. Ribosomes arrange amino acids on the ER to make proteins. Rib/o is derived from ribonucleic acid or RNA and -somes means bodies

Question 11

adipose tissue

Answer 11

Collection of fat cells.

Question 12

cartilage

Answer 12

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

Question 13

epithelial cells

Answer 13

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 14

histologist

Answer 14

Specialist in the study of tissues.

Question 15

larynx

Answer 15

Voice box; located above the trachea.

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

Question 17

pituitary gland

Answer 17

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

Question 18

thyroid gland

Answer 18

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

Question 19

trachea

Answer 19

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes).

Question 20

ureter

Answer 20

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 21

urethra

Answer 21

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 22

uterus

Answer 22

Womb; the organ that holds babies as they develop in the mother.

Question 23

viscera

Answer 23

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.

Question 24

abdominal cavity

Answer 24

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity.

Question 25

cranial cavity

Answer 25

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.

Question 26

diaphragm

Answer 26

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Question 27

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 27

Pertaining to the back.

Question 28

mediastinum

Answer 28

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

Question 29

pelvic cavity

Answer 29

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, which is composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity.

Question 30

pleura

Answer 30

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to the pleura.

Question 31

pleural cavity

Answer 31

Space between the pleural layers.

Question 32

spinal cavity

Answer 32

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord.

Question 33

thoracic cavity

Answer 33

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

Question 34

ventral (anterior)

Answer 34

Pertaining to the front.

Question 35

hypochondriac

Answer 35

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs.

Question 36

epigastric

Answer 36

Middle upper region above the stomach.

Question 37

lumbar

Answer 37

Right and left middle regions near the waist.

Question 38

umbilical

Answer 38

Central region near the navel.

Question 39

inguinal

Answer 39

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions.

Question 40

hypogastric

Answer 40

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

Question 41

RUQ

Answer 41

Right upper quadrant.

Question 42

LUQ

Answer 42

Left upper quadrant.

Question 43

RLQ

Answer 43

Right lower quadrant.

Question 44

LLQ

Answer 44

Left lower quadrant.

Question 45

cervical

Answer 45

Neck region (C1 to C7).

Question 46

thoracic

Answer 46

Chest region (T1 to T12)

Question 47

lumbar

Answer 47

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Question 48

sacral

Answer 48

Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

Question 49

coccygeal

Answer 49

Region of the coccyx (tailbone).

Question 50

vertebra

Answer 50

Single backbone.

Question 51

vertebrae

Answer 51

Backbones.

Question 52

spinal column

Answer 52

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

Question 53

spinal cord

Answer 53

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

Question 54

disc

Answer 54

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

Question 55

anterior (ventral)

Answer 55

Front surface of the body.

Question 56

deep

Answer 56

Away from the surface.

Question 57

distal

Answer 57

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.

Question 58

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 58

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 59

inferior

Answer 59

Below another structure; pertaining to the lower portion of the body.

Question 60

lateral

Answer 60

Pertaining to the side.

Question 61

medial

Answer 61

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

Question 62

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 62

Back surface of the body.

Question 63

prone

Answer 63

Lying on the belly (face down, palms down).

Question 64

proximal

Answer 64

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

Question 65

sagittal (lateral) plane

Answer 65

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin "sagitta", meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow and enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves.

Question 66

superficial

Answer 66

On the surface.

Question 67

superior (cephalic)

Answer 67

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

Question 68

supine

Answer 68

Lying on the back (face up, palms up).

Question 69

transverse (axial) plane

Answer 69

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plan dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Question 70

abdomin/o

Answer 70

abdomen

Question 71

adip/o

Answer 71

fat

Question 72

anter/o

Answer 72

front

Question 73

cervic/o

Answer 73

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

Question 74

chondr/o

Answer 74

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

Question 75

chrom/o

Answer 75

color

Question 76

coccyg/o

Answer 76

coccyx (tailbone)

Question 77

crani/o

Answer 77

skull

Question 78

cyt/o

Answer 78

cell

Question 79

dist/o

Answer 79

far, distant

Question 80

dors/o

Answer 80

back portion of the body

Question 81

hist/o

Answer 81

tissue

Question 82

ili/o

Answer 82

ilium (upper part of the hip bone)

Question 83

inguin/o

Answer 83

groin

Question 84

kary/o

Answer 84

nucleus

Question 85

later/o

Answer 85

side

Question 86

lumb/o

Answer 86

lower back

Question 87

medi/o

Answer 87

middle

Question 88

nucle/o

Answer 88

nucleus

Question 89

pelv/i

Answer 89

pelvis

Question 90

pharyng/o

Answer 90

pharynx (throat)

Question 91

poster/o

Answer 91

back, behind

Question 92

proxim/o

Answer 92

nearest

Question 93

sacr/o

Answer 93

sacrum

Question 94

sarc/o

Answer 94

flesh

Question 95

spin/o

Answer 95

spine, backbone

Question 96

thel/o, theli/o

Answer 96

nipple

Question 97

thorac/o

Answer 97

chest

Question 98

trache/o

Answer 98

trachea, windpipe

Question 99

umbilic/o

Answer 99

navel, umbilicus

Question 100

ventr/o

Answer 100

belly side of the body

Question 101

vertebr/o

Answer 101

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

Question 102

viscer/o

Answer 102

internal organs

Question 103

ana-

Answer 103

up

Question 104

cata-

Answer 104

down

Question 105

epi-

Answer 105

above

Question 106

hypo-

Answer 106

below

Question 107

inter-

Answer 107

between

Question 108

intra-

Answer 108

within

Question 109

meta-

Answer 109

change

Question 110

-eal

Answer 110

pertaining to

Question 111

-iac

Answer 111

pertaining to

Question 112

-ior

Answer 112

pertaining to

Question 113

-ism

Answer 113

process, condition

Question 114

-ose

Answer 114

pertaining to, full of

Question 115

-plasm

Answer 115

formation

Question 116

-somes

Answer 116

bodies

Question 117

-type

Answer 117

picture, clasification