Ch 2 test Flashcards
Reactants
the substances changed during a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
changes substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds.
Products
the substances made by a chemical reaction
Bond energy
the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Equilibrum
reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate
Activation energy
the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
Endothermic
A chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases
Exothermic
A chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs
Catalyst
A substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the rate of the chemical reaction
Enzymes
catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Substrates
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
monomer
Each subunit in the complete molecule
Polymer
a large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
Carbohydrates
molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches
Lipids
nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol
Fatty acids
chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
Protein
a polymer made of monomers called amino acids
Ameno acids
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Nucleic acids
polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
atom
smallest basic unit of matter
element
one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
Compound
a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
ionic bond
forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
Covalent bond
forms when atoms share a pair of electrons
