Ch 2 test

Question 0

Reactants

Answer 0

the substances changed during a chemical reaction

Question 1

Chemical reaction

Answer 1

changes substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds.

Question 2

Products

Answer 2

the substances made by a chemical reaction

Question 3

Bond energy

Answer 3

the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms

Question 4

Equilibrum

Answer 4

reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate

Question 5

Activation energy

Answer 5

the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

Question 6

Endothermic

Answer 6

A chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases

Question 7

Exothermic

Answer 7

A chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs

Question 8

Catalyst

Answer 8

A substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the rate of the chemical reaction

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

Question 10

Substrates

Answer 10

The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on

Question 11

monomer

Answer 11

Each subunit in the complete molecule

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

a large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

Question 15

Fatty acids

Answer 15

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

a polymer made of monomers called amino acids

Question 17

Ameno acids

Answer 17

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 18

Nucleic acids

Answer 18

polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides

Question 19

atom

Answer 19

smallest basic unit of matter

Question 20

element

Answer 20

one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means

Question 21

Compound

Answer 21

a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio

Question 22

ionic bond

Answer 22

forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

Question 23

Covalent bond

Answer 23

forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 24

Molecule

Answer 24

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds