ch 2 the human nervous system

Question 1

the nervous system

Answer 1

divided into two major sections the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 2

the central nervous system

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord. It helps the brain to communicate with the rest of the body by sending messages to the peripheral nervous system

Question 3

the brain

Answer 3

made up of the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain

Question 4

the hindbrain

Answer 4

links to the spinal cord and the rest of the brain and is important for movement and balance

Question 5

the midbrain

Answer 5

coordinates movement, sleep and arousal

Question 6

the forebrain

Answer 6

is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and for higher-order thinking processes, including problem-solving, planning, memory, language and emotions

Question 7

what are the 4 main lobes in the cerebral cortex

Answer 7

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

Question 8

frontal lobe

Answer 8

abstract thought, social skills and planning

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

hearing, language, and visual recognition

Question 10

parietal lobe

Answer 10

touch, non-verbal thought, and spatial orientation

Question 11

occipital lobe

Answer 11

visual

Question 12

the spine

Answer 12

the bundle of nerve fibres connecting the brain with the peripheral nervous system

Question 13

sensory neurons

Answer 13

neurons that carry information from the body and from the outside into the CNS

Question 14

somatic nervous system

Answer 14

carries sensory information into the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

Question 15

peripheral nervous system

Answer 15

works with the central nervous system to enable you to interact with the environment

Question 16

the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

communication of info between the CNS and body skeletal muscles, such as the heart and stomach

Question 17

brocas area

Answer 17

• responsible for speech production
• controls lips/tongue/vocal cord movement to literally produce words
• located in the frontal lobe

Question 18

wernickes area

Answer 18

• responsible for language comprehension and producing grammatically correct speech
• located in the temporal lobe

Question 19

Geschwind’s territory

Answer 19

• responsible for linking the words we hear to areas of the brain responsible for producing speech
• a bundle of nerve fibres that connect to Brocas area and Wernickes areas, but more functionally that physically

Question 20

cerebellum

Answer 20

• is located in the hindbrain
• remembers and coordinates smooth well-sequenced movements

Question 21

basal ganglia

Answer 21

• a group of structures located between the two hemispheres of the brain
• channels information from various regions to the motor cortex

Question 22

primary motor cortex

Answer 22

• located at the back of the frontal lobe
• responsible for the movement of (voluntary) skeletal muscles

Question 23

control in the motor cortex

Answer 23

• the left motor cortex controls movement on the right half of the body and vice versa

Question 24

spinal reflexes

Answer 24

are automatic responses to sensory stimuli

Question 25

monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 25

a reflex arc made up of two neurons (one sensory and one motor)

Question 26

polysynaptic reflex arc

Answer 26

a reflex arc made up of multiple neurons, with one or more interneurons connecting the sensory and motor neurons

Question 27

limbic system

Answer 27

the area of the brain that is associated with emotion

Question 28

hippocampus

Answer 28

- involved in the regulation and expression of emotion - important for remembering memories that are tied to strong emotions

Question 29

hypothalamus

Answer 29

involved in the control of emotion, especially concerning our stress response

Question 30

roles of the amygdala in emotion

Answer 30

- located on the inside of the temporal lobe - central to emotion (especially fear) and aggression - the right amygdala also appears to be vital on perceiving negative emotions

Question 31

roles of the prefrontal cortex in emotion

Answer 31

roles in regulating and modifying emotions, and even deciding between good and bad actions

Question 32

cerebral cortex

Answer 32

responsible for receiving information from the environment controlling our responses, and allowing complex voluntary movements and higher-order thinking processes

Question 33

cerebrum

Answer 33

part of the brain most responsible for voluntary movement and complex thought processes such as perception, imagination, judgement and decision making

Question 34

corpus callosum

Answer 34

the band of neural fibres that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 35

fight-flight-freeze response

Answer 35

a physiological response to stress that causes fight an organism to react in a combative manner(fight) by removing itself from the situation (flight) or by not reacting at all (freeze)

Question 36

homeostasis

Answer 36

the state of balance in the body' metabolism

Question 37

HPA axis

Answer 37

a major neuroendocrine system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland; regulates a person's digestion, immune system, mood, emotions and their response to stress

Question 38

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 38

responsible for maintaining our day-to-day functioning and for most of the automatic functions of the body such as digestion, heart rate, breathing and some glandular functions

Question 39

motor neurons

Answer 39

neurons that communicate messages from the central nervous system to the particular muscles that an organism intends to move at any particular moment

Question 40

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 40

located at the front of each parietal lobe processes sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain

Question 41

primary visual cortex

Answer 41

located in the occipital lobe; processes information from the eyes

Question 42

reflex

Answer 42

simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

Question 43

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 43

a branch of the autonomic nervous system that activates the fight-flight-freeze response

Question 44

thalamus

Answer 44

structure in the brain located between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, just above the brain stem; responsible for relaying motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex