Ch. 2 Vocab

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

the basic unit of matter

Question 2

Nucleus (of an atom)

Answer 2

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

pure substance that consists of entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom (donates) to another (accepts)

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

atom that has a positive or negative charge

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Question 10

Van der Waals forces

Answer 10

slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Question 11

Hydrogen bond

Answer 11

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom [fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or Nitrogen (N)]

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

dissolving substance in a solution

Question 13

Suspension

Answer 13

mixture of water and nondissolved material

Question 14

pH Scale

Answer 14

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H + ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to below 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is a neutral, and a pH of above 7 to 14 is basic

Question 15

Cohesion

Answer 15

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 16

Adhesion

Answer 16

face of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Question 17

Mixture

Answer 17

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 18

Solution

Answer 18

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

substance that is disabled in a solution

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7

Question 22

Buffer

Answer 22

compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 23

Monomer

Answer 23

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Question 24

Polymer

Answer 24

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 25

Carbohydrate

Answer 25

compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major source of energy to the body

Question 26

Lipid

Answer 26

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 27

Nucleotide

Answer 27

sub unit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 28

Nucleic Acid

Answer 28

macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and a phosphorous

Question 29

Protein

Answer 29

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Question 30

Amino Acid

Answer 30

compared with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Question 31

Chemical Reaction

Answer 31

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 32

Reactant

Answer 32

elements or compound that enter into a chemical reactions

Question 33

Product

Answer 33

elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Question 34

Activation Energy

Answer 34

energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

Question 35

Catalyst

Answer 35

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 36

Enzyme

Answer 36

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Question 37

Substrate

Answer 37

reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction