CH. 20 ABDOMINAL AND GI EMERGENCY

Question 1

inflammation of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones

Answer 1

acalculus chlecystitus

Question 2

light, clay colored stools indicative of liver failure

Answer 2

acholic stools

Question 3

a condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment

Answer 3

acute abdomen

Question 4

a family of conditions that revolve around a central theme of infection with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Answer 4

acute gastroenteritis

Question 5

linear tears to the mucosal lining in and near the anus, possibly caused by the passage of large, hard stools; a cause of lower GI bleeding

Answer 5

anal fissures

Question 6

inflammation of the appendix

Answer 6

appendicitis

Question 7

abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure

Answer 7

ascites

Question 8

a group of disorders that involve inflammation of the gallbladder; these include choleangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and acalculus cholecystitis

Answer 8

biliary tract disorders

Question 9

a bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also called hyperperistalsis

Answer 9

borborygmi

Question 10

sphincter that serves as a door way connecting the esophagus and the stomach and controls the amount of food that moves up the esophagus

Answer 10

cardiac sphincter

Question 11

inflammation of the bile duct

Answer 11

choleangitis

Question 12

the presence of stones within the gallbladder

Answer 12

cholelithiasis

Question 13

the inflammation of the gall bladder

Answer 13

cholecystitis

Question 14

early liver failure characterized by portal hypertension, coagulation deficiencies and diminished detoxification

Answer 14

cirrhosis

Question 15

the term given to the slurry of food that has been partially digested, then exits the stomach and enters the duodenum

Answer 15

chyme

Question 16

inflammation of the ileum and possibly other portions of the GI tract in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrowed, stiff and weakened

Answer 16

Crohn disease

Question 17

a state in which the body lacks adequate fluids because of inadequate water intake or excessive fluid loss

Answer 17

dehydration

Question 18

liquid stool

Answer 18

diarrhea

Question 19

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of ht large molecules in food into small molecules that can be absorbed in the GI tract and converted to energy for cellular function

Answer 19

digestion

Question 20

inflammation of the pouches in the colon; these pouches forma as a result of difficulty moving feces through the colon. Once the pouches are formed, bacteria can become trapped in the pouches leading to inflammation and infection

Answer 20

diverticulitis

Question 21

a weak area in the colon that begins to have small outcroppings that turn into pouches; plural is diverticula

Answer 21

diverticulum

Question 22

severe abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant with coughing; a method for evaluating a patient for peritonitis

Answer 22

Dunphy sign

Question 23

insertion of a flexible fiberoptic tube into the esophagus to visualize, remove, or repair damaged or disease tissue

Answer 23

endoscopy

Question 24

the region of the abdomen directly inferior to the xiphoid process and superior to the umbilicus

Answer 24

epigastric

Question 25

dilated blood vessels of the esophagus caused by difficulty in the blood flow through the liver; the presence of these can lead to vessel rupture

Answer 25

esophagogastric varices

Question 26

smelling of feces

Answer 26

feculent

Question 27

an abnormal connection between two cavities

Answer 27

fistula

Question 28

inflammation of the stomach

Answer 28

gastritis

Question 29

a condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move superiorly; can cause burning sensation within the chest and also called acid reflux disease

Answer 29

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 30

a congenital malformation in which an embryo develops improperly and a portion of the GI tract develops outside of the abdominal wall instead of inside

Answer 30

gastroschisis

Question 31

vomit with blood

Answer 31

hematemesis

Question 32

passage of stool in which bright red blood can be distinguished

Answer 32

hematochezia

Question 33

impairment of brain function resulting from failure of the liver

Answer 33

hepatic encephalopathy

Question 34

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus that cause fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

Answer 34

hepatitis

Question 35

the protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

Answer 35

hernia

Question 36

a bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also called borborygami

Answer 36

hyperperistalsis

Question 37

decreased bowel sounds

Answer 37

hypoperistalsis

Question 38

yellowish coloration of the conjunctiva caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood during liver failure

Answer 38

icteric

Question 39

a type of hernia in which an organ is trapped in the new location; obstruction of the bowel

Answer 39

incarcerated

Question 40

a type of hernia in which intestinal contents herniate through an incision; like after abdominal surgery

Answer 40

incisional

Question 41

telescoping of the intestines into themselves

Answer 41

intussusception

Question 42

a condition in which patients have abdominal pain and changes in their bowel habits; generally pain must be present for at least 3 days a month for at least 3 months to be considered a disease

Answer 42

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 43

a condition in which the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears causing severe bleeding and potentially death

Answer 43

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 44

incorrect rotation of intestines as a result of congenital anomaly such as gastroschisis; can result in intestinal obstruction

Answer 44

malrotation

Question 45

dark, tarry, malodorous stools caused by upper GI bleeding

Answer 45

melena

Question 46

an interruption in blood supply to the mesentary

Answer 46

mesenteric ischemia

Question 47

pressure applied to the upper right quadrant of the abdomen to help detect gallbladder problems

Answer 47

murphy signs

Question 48

assessment of vital signs in two different patient positions to determine degree of hypovolemia

Answer 48

orthostatic vital signs

Question 49

inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 49

pancreatitis

Question 50

pain caused by the inflammation of the parietal peritoneum that is generally described as steady aching and aggravated by movement

Answer 50

parietal pain

Question 51

a disease in which the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs

Answer 51

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Question 52

rhythmic contraction of the intestines and esophagus that allow material to move through them

Answer 52

peristalsis

Question 53

inflammation of the peritoneum, the protective membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Answer 53

peritonitis

Question 54

increased pressure in the portal veins; caused by the inability of blood to normally flow through the liver; can lead to rupture of these vessels

Answer 54

portal hypertension

Question 55

a large vessel created by the intersection of blood vessels from the GI system; the portal vein drains into the liver

Answer 55

portal vein

Question 56

term used to describe an abdomen with a convex, or distended, shape; can be caused by edema

Answer 56

protuberant

Question 57

itching

Answer 57

pruritus

Question 58

hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; leads to intestinal obstruction often in infants

Answer 58

pyloric stenosis

Question 59

pain that the patient feels when the pressure is released as opposed to when the pressure is applied; characteristic of appendicitis

Answer 59

rebound tenderness

Question 60

an infection involving a collection of pus in the rectal walls that result from blockage of the rectal mucus ducts

Answer 60

rectal abscess

Question 61

the pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located

Answer 61

referred pain

Question 62

a concave shape of the abdomen and cane caused by evisceration

Answer 62

scaphoid

Question 63

a bowel movement that has a soft serve ice cream consistency

Answer 63

soft stool

Question 64

localized pain felt deeply representing irritation or injury to tissue causing activation of peripheral nerve tracts

Answer 64

somatic pain

Question 65

foamy, fatty stools associated with the liver failure or gallbladder problems

Answer 65

steatorrhea

Question 66

complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

Answer 66

stangulated

Question 67

vertical stretch marks that occur when a person loses or gains weight rapidly

Answer 67

striae

Question 68

a loud high pitched sound similar to the sound of a drum heard on percussion of a hollow space like an empty stomach or puffed out cheek

Answer 68

tympanic

Question 69

generalized inflammation of the colon that result in a weakened dilated rectum making it prone to infection and bleeding

Answer 69

ulcerative colitis

Question 70

the region of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus

Answer 70

umbilical

Question 71

an itching rash

Answer 71

urticaria

Question 72

crampy aching pain deep within the body, the source of which is usually difficult to pinpoint; common with urologic problems

Answer 72

visceral pain

Question 73

twisting of the bowel until a kink occurs; results in blocked flow

Answer 73

volvulus