Ch. 20 Cultural Evidence

Question 1

What are the six cultural periods

Answer 1

Oldowan 
Acheulin 
Mousterian 
Aurignacian
Solutrean
Magdalenian

Question 2

What are the six cultural periods and which species falls under which

Answer 2

Australo: Oldowan

Habilis: Oldowan

Erectus: Acheulin

Neanderthal: Mousterian

Cro-magnon:
Aurignacian
Solutrean
Magdalenian

Question 3

What is the temporal and geographical distribution for australopth

Answer 3

• Africa

- 1.5-4 million

Question 4

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for habilis

Answer 4

• Africa

- 1.8 million

Question 5

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for erectus

Answer 5

• africa, europe, asia

- 300 000- 1.8

Question 6

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for neanderthal

Answer 6

• europe, western asia

- 35 000- 100 000

Question 7

What is the temporal distribution and geographical for cromagnon

Answer 7

• 10 000 - 30 000

- europe

Question 8

What is the general trend in tool material

Answer 8

stone > bone and antler

Question 9

What is the general trend in tool type

Answer 9

flake > blade

Question 10

What is the general trend in manufacture of tool

Answer 10

basic > developed tools to make other tools

as needed > carried around

Question 11

What is the general trend in movement

Answer 11

nomadic > settled

Question 12

What is the general trend in social development

Answer 12

independent > interdependence (home bases), communication

Question 13

What is the general trend in effect of environment

Answer 13

large > limited (tools + fire modified environment to needs)

Question 14

What is the general trend in fire use

Answer 14

not used > dependant + exploited for range of uses

Question 15

What is the general trend in diet

Answer 15

vegetarian > predominately meat

Question 16

What was the cultural period of Austral. and what is it characterised by

Answer 16

Oldowan

- simple pebble tools

Question 17

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the oldowan cultural period

Answer 17

Materials: stone

Manufacturing techniques: choppers, flakes, made by removing several flakes from stone

Question 18

Explain australo. in terms of migration

Answer 18

• tools enabled to leave and colonise other areas

- reason for migration unknown, search more productive environments during drier glacial period

Question 19

What was the diet and use of fire for australo.

Answer 19

vegetarian and no fire

Question 20

What cultural period was homo habilis

Answer 20

oldowan

Question 21

what were several key developments in the social devleopemtn during homo habilis

Answer 21

• hunting parties
• gender roles
• sharing food

Question 22

What was the cultural period of erectus and what is it characterised by

Answer 22

acheulin

- hand axe, (hammers, cleavers)

Question 23

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the acheulein cultural period

Answer 23

Material: stone and bone
MT: flaked around edges, forming bilateraly symmetrical 2 faced lump

Question 24

Explain the diet of erectus

Answer 24

• major source= gathering

- organised hunts used to get meat (bones found suggest)

Question 25

did erectus use fire

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

explain the use of fire of erectus (4 uses)

Answer 26

1. Keep predators away 2. gave warmth and illumination (important during migration + extend time for tool making) 3. stampede animals 4. cooking (increase range due to flavour and digestibility + safer to eat)

Question 27

What was the cultural period of neanderthal and what is it characterised by

Answer 27

mousterien | = careful preparation of stone core with flakes removed

Question 28

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the mousterian cultural period

Answer 28

material: stone MT: removal of flakes on stone core

Question 29

State three important social developments of neanderthals

Answer 29

- social system for sharing food and resources - ceremonial burial - care for disabled

Question 30

What are the three eras for cro magnon

Answer 30

- aurignacian - solution - magdelanian

Question 31

What was the cultural period aurignacian characterised by

Answer 31

- manufacture of blade tools (rather than flake)

Question 32

What was the material used for the aurigancian cultural period

Answer 32

- used bone and antler | - flint tools

Question 33

art was first found in what period and what are its two types

Answer 33

- aurignacian | - portable and mural

Question 34

What was the cultural period solutrean characterised by

Answer 34

pressure flaking | - willow leaf and laurel leaf points

Question 35

What was the cultural period magdelanian characterised by

Answer 35

- dominance of bone and antler of flint and stone

Question 36

What was the material used and manufacturing techniques for the magdelanian cultural period

Answer 36

material: bone and antler MT: made using burin or chisel like cutter (tool used to make other tools)

Question 37

What is the neolithic revolution

Answer 37

change from nomadic to village | domestication of plants and animals, construction of permanent living

Question 38

What enabled to settled life (flow)

Answer 38

domestication of crops and animals > food stroedL more food > increased birth rate > village