CH 20 Enzymes Flashcards
(49 cards)
A biological catalyst is called a(n) __________.
enzyme
Compared to an uncatalyzed reaction, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
occurs at a faster rate
Urease catalyzes only the hydrolysis of urea, and no other substrates. This limited activity is called
absolute specificity
combination of an enzyme with the substrate
ES Complex
a structure that fits the active site of an enzyme
substrate
has a tertiary structure that recognizes the substrate
enzyme
has a ridgid substarte binding to a riged enzyme, like a lock and key
lock and key
Why do chemical reactions in the body require enzymes?
Rates of the chemical reactions are too slow without enzymes.
To what main class of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactose to galactose and glucose belong?
hydrolase
The hydrolysis of ester bonds in triglycerides is catalyzed by a(n)
lipase
what affects the activity of an enzyme
temperature
Name the enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose.
sucrase
A competitive inhibitor is one that
binds to the active site in place of the substrate.
an enzyme that requires a cofactor?
requires Fe3+ in the active site for catalytic activity contains riboflavin (vitamin B2 )
What vitamin may be deficient in the disease rickets?
vitamin D
What vitamin may be deficient in the disease scurvy?
ascorbic acid
What vitamin may be deficient in the disease pellagra?
niacin
within the active site, amino acid R groups catalyze the reaction to form an _____
enzyme-product complex
what factors affect enzyme activity
pH, concentration, substrate and temperature
molecules that cause loss of catalytic activity and prevents substrates from fitting into the active site
inhibitors
Some bacterial infections are treated with competitive inhibitors called
antimetabolites.
A _______ is a cofactor that is a small organic molecule such as a vitamin.
coenzyme
OVER THE HILL
Oxidoreductases, Transferase, Hydrolases, Isomerases, Lyases, Ligases
A __________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar.
nucleoside
