Perforators
Connecting veins that join two sets. They also have one way valves that route blood from the superficial into the deep veins
Arteries (pulses)
Temporal Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral Popliteal (behind the knee), Posterior Tibial , and Dorsalis Pedis
Lymphatics
Form a completely separate vessel system which retrieves excess fluid from the tissue spaces and returns it to bloodstream
Lymph Nodes
Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at intervals along vessels arrange deep and superficial nodes filter out microorganism that could be harmful to the body before it is returned to the blood.
Superficial Node Groups
Cervical Nodes : drain the head and neck
Axillary node: drain the Brest bs upper arm
Epitrochlear node: in anticubital fossa drains the hand and lower arms
Inguinal nodes: In groin drains the lower extremity genitalia shed the anterior abdominal wall
Arteriosclerosis
Peripheral blood vessels grow more rigid with age This condition raises the systolic blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Deposition of Fatty plaques in the intima of the arteries
Peripheral Vascular disease PVD
ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion
may be related to reduction or interruption of arterial/venous blood flow, possibly evidenced by changes in skin temperature/color, lack of hair growth, blood pressure/pulse changes in extremity, presence of bruits, and reports of claudication.
Claudication
The measured amount of an activity that can be done before pain occurs
The number the of blocks walked to produce pain
Caused by arterial insufficiency
Grade the pulse force
3+ increased full bounding
2+ normal
1+ weak
0, absent
Modified Allen Test
The Allen’s test is testing for abnormal circulation by occluding the radial and ulnar artery having the pt. make a fist for 30 sec. Then releasing to see how long before blood flow return 7sec is normal
Grading Pitting Edema
1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation
2+ Moderate pitting indentation
3+ Deep pitting, indentation
4+ Very deep pitting, indentation
Pulses Paradoxus
A condition in which the pulses on either side of the body are of unequal intensity. It is seen sometimes in aortic dissection, or in atherosclerotic obstruction of one of the subclavian arteries.
Beats have weaker Amplitude with respiratory inspiration and stronger amplitude with expiration
Lymphedema
The swelling of an extremity caused by an obstructed lymph channel
Water-hammer pulse
Is associated with aortic valve regurgitation
Thymus
Develops t-lymphocytes in young children for the immune system
Severe bilateral lower extremity edema
Is most likely a sign of heart failure
