CH 20: Phylogenies And The History Of Life

Question 1

Analogy

Answer 1

(Homoplasy) characteristic that is similar between organisms by convergent evolution

Question 2

Basal taxon

Answer 2

Branch on a phylogenetic tree that has no diverged significantly from the root ancestor

Question 3

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 3

System of two-part scientific names for an organism, which includes genus and species names

Question 4

Cladistics

Answer 4

System to organize homologous traits to describe phylogenies

Question 5

Genome fusion

Answer 5

Fusion of two prokaryotic genomes, presumably by endosymbiosis

Question 6

King Phillip Cried Out For Good Soup

Answer 6

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 7

Maximum parsimony

Answer 7

Applying the simplest, most obvious way with the least number of steps

Question 8

Monophyletic group

Answer 8

(Also, clade) organisms that share a single ancestor. Includes all descendants. Includes most recent common ancestor and all descendants.

Question 9

Homology

Answer 9

Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

Question 10

Sister taxa

Answer 10

Two lineages that diverged from the same branch point

Question 11

Shared ancestral character

Answer 11

Describes a characteristic on a phylogenetic tree that all organisms on the tree share

Question 12

Shared derived character

Answer 12

Describes a characteristic on a phylogenetic tree that only a certain clade of organisms share

Question 13

Oxygen revolution

Answer 13

Occurs on the late Archean when the earths atmosphere and the shallow ocean experienced a rise in the concentration of oxygen