CH 21 Flashcards
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was the first of a series of international meetings that came to be known as the Concert of Europe, an attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe. It served as a model for later organizations such as the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945.
German Confederation
German Confederation, organization of 39 German states, established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to replace the destroyed Holy Roman Empire. It was a loose political association, formed for mutual defense, with no central executive or judiciary.
Balance of power
a system that aimed to maintain international order and peace by following any increase in strength of one nation-state with an increase in strength of his geographic or political enemy.
Conservatism
Conservatism is an aesthetic, cultural, social, and political philosophy, which seeks to promote and to preserve traditional social institutions. … In Western culture, conservatives seek to preserve a range of institutions such as organized religion, parliamentary government, and property rights.
Socialism
Socialism is a political, social, and economic philosophy encompassing a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production. It includes the political theories and movements associated with such systems.
Modern Police Force
first modern police force in Europe appeared in Paris in 1828
they were lightly armed with white canes during the day and sabers at night, underscoring the fact that they made up a civilian, not military, body
Concert of Europe
The Concert of Europe was an agreement by various Great Powers, who had formed a Quadruple Alliance (Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia), to put down any future revolutions through military force. Called the Principle of Intervention, this was an attempt to preserve the balance of power and principle of legitimacy.
Metternich
A conservative, reactionary meeting, led by Prince Metternich, to restore Europe to prerevolution time. First Peace of Paris.
Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.
Jane Austen
Jane Austen. The English novelist of the early 1800s who wrote about the manners and morals of her time period in many novels, including Pride and Prejudice, Emma, and Sense and Sensibility. Daniel Defoe.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. (1749-1832) A German author who wrote near the end of the Aufklärung, the German Enlightenment.
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus. Author of Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population growth would outpace food production. David Ricardo.
David Ricardo
David Ricardo. “Iron Law of Wages”-wealthy English stockbroker and leading economist-coldly spelled out the pessimistic implications of Malthus’s thought-his iron law of wages stated that because of the pressure of pop. growth, wages would always sin to subsistence level.
Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) British theorist and philosopher who proposed utilitarianism, the principle that governments should operate on the basis of utility, or the greatest good for the greatest number.
Anti-Corn Law League
Anti-Corn League. Organized by manufacturers who sought to repeal the Corn Laws; wanted to abolish tariffs protecting the domestic price of grain. This would lower food prices, which would then allow lower wages at no real cost to workers.
