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Ch. 21, & 22 > Ch 21 > Flashcards

Ch 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What three components must be present for a fire to burn?

A

A flammable substance, oxygen, heat

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2
Q

What is spontaneous combustion?

A

When a chemical reaction in or near a flammable material causes sufficient heat to generate fire

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3
Q

What should you do if a short circuit occurs?

A

Turn off the electricity at the main power source, call for qualified assistance, and stand by with the proper fire extinguisher

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4
Q

What are the most frequent infractions of fire safety rules?

A

Blocked fire exits, doors blocked open, equipment stored in corridors, improper storage of flammable items, and improper use of extension cords

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5
Q

What does RACE stand for?

A

Rescue, alarm, contain, and extinguish/evacuate

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6
Q

What does PASS stand for?

A

Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side

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7
Q

How do you clean up a hazardous spill?

A

Convert it into solid waste and placed in plastic bags for removal

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8
Q

What are the two ways to clean up a hazardous spill?

A

Using an absorbent material (cat litter) or an absorbent mat to soak up the liquid

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9
Q

What are ergonomics?

A

The study of the human body in relation to the working environment

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10
Q

What are body mechanics?

A

The principles of proper body alignment, movement, and balance

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11
Q

What are the three concepts essential to body mechanics?

A

Base of support, center of gravity, and line of gravity

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12
Q

What is the trendelenburg position?

A

When the patients head is lower than their feet

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13
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Difficulty breathing

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14
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Inability to breathe while lying down

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15
Q

If a patient becomes nauseated but cannot be in the Fowler position, what other position can they be placed in?

A

Lateral recumbent

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16
Q

What is orthostatic hypertension?

A

Temporary state of low blood pressure that causes patients to feel lightheaded or faint when they first sit up

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17
Q

In order to use physical restrains on the arms, legs, or chest of an adult patient without their consent requires what?

A

An order from their physician

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18
Q

What charge can a patient place on a healthcare worker for the improper use of restraints?

A

False imprisonment

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19
Q

Any fall, accident, or occurrence that results in injury or potential harm must be immediately reported and you must fill out a _________

A

Incident report

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20
Q

What is the cycle of infection?

A

The four factors involved in the spread of disease

21
Q

In order for an infection to be transmitted, there must be

A

An infectious organism, a reservoir of infection, a susceptible host, and a means of transporting the organism

22
Q

What are examples of microorganisms?

A

Bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, fungi

23
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Microorganisms that live on or within the body that dont cause a disease

24
Q

What are microorganisms that cause disease called?

A

Pathogens

25
Q

What are prions?

A

Infectious protein particles that are not living organisms; they can cause disease and replicate within the human body

26
Q

What diseases are endospore-forming organisms responsible for?

A

Tetanus, anthrax, and gas gangrene

27
Q

What are viruses?

A

The smallest known disease causing organisms

28
Q

What are examples of viruses?

A

Influenza, HIV, herpes, hepatitis, and rhinovirus (common cold)

29
Q

How does a virus multiply?

A

It invades a host cell, stimulating it to participate in the formation of additional virus particles

30
Q

What is a reservoir of infection?

A

Anywhere that pathogens can thrive in sufficient numbers to pose a threat

31
Q

What is an iatrogenic infection?

A

Health care related infections

32
Q

What is the most direct way to intervene in the cycle of infection?

A

Prevent transmission of the infectious organism from the reservoir to the susceptible host

33
Q

What is an indirect route?

A

May involve transport of organisms by fomite, vectors, vehicles, and airborne particles or droplets

34
Q

What is the direct contact route of transmission?

A

The host is touched by an infected person in such a manner that the organisms are placed in direct contact with the susceptible host

35
Q

What is a fomite?

A

An object that has been in contact with pathogenic organisms
Ex) x-ray table, upright Bucky, image receptors, calipers, positioning sponges

36
Q

What is a vector?

A

An insect or spider in whose body an infectious organism develops or multiplies before becoming infective to a new host (mosquitos & west Nile)

37
Q

What is a vehicle?

A

Any medium that transports microorganisms
Ex) contaminated food, water, blood

38
Q

What is airborne contamination?

A

It’s spread by dust containing either endosperm’s or droplet nuclei. Contaminated dust many remain suspended in the air for long periods

39
Q

What is droplet contamination?

A

Occurs when an infectious individual coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in the vicinity of a susceptible host

40
Q

How is Hepatitis B spread?

A

Through contact with blood or blood products, contact with body fluids (not sweat)

41
Q

What are nosocomial infections?

A

Infections that happen while in the hospital

42
Q

You should use standard precautions whenever contact is anticipated with:

A

Blood, any body fluid, secretions and exretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, mucous membranes

43
Q

What is the ratio for bleach?

A

1 part bleach to 10 parts water

44
Q

What is medical asepsis?

A

The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual

45
Q

What is microbial dilution?

A

The process of reducing the total number of organisms

46
Q

What are the levels of microbial dilution?

A

Simple cleanliness measures, disinfection, sterilization

47
Q

What is the single best protection against disease transmission?

A

Hand washing

48
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

An electric steam chamber that seals tightly to achieve high temperatures under pressure

Ch. 21, & 22 (2 decks)

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