ch 21 & 22

Question 1

focal dilatation of the artery

Answer 1

aneurysm

Question 2

placenta where the lobes are nearly equal in size and the cord inserts into the chorionic bridge of tissue that connects the two lobes

Answer 2

bilobed placenta

Question 3

fatal condition associated with multiple congenital anomalies and absence of the umbilical cord

Answer 3

body stalk anomaly

Question 4

very rare condition where there is a massive subchorionic thrombosis of the placenta secondary to extreme venous obstruction

Answer 4

breus mole

Question 5

Attachment of the placental membranes to the fetal surface of the placenta rather than to the underlying placental margin

Answer 5

Extrachorial placenta

Question 6

Bending, twisting, and bulging of the umbilical cord vessels mimicking a knot in the umbilical cord

Answer 6

false knot

Question 7

Periumbilical abdominal wall defect, typically to the right of normal cord insertion that results in free bloating bowel within the amniotic fluid

Answer 7

gastroschisis

Question 8

A condition characterized by multiple complex fetal anomalies and a short umbilical cord

Answer 8

Limb-body wall complex

Question 9

Occurs when the umbilical cord inserts at the placental margin

Answer 9

marginal insertion/battledore placenta

Question 10

Central anterior abdominal wall defect at the site of cord insertion into the fetal abdomen that results in abdominal organs protruding outside the abdominal cavity but contained by a covering membrane consisting of peritoneum, wharton jelly, and amnion

Answer 10

omphalocele

Question 11

Term that refers to a thickened or hydropic placenta

Answer 11

Placentomegaly

Question 12

linear, extra-amniotic tissue that projects into the amniotic cavity with no restriction of fetal movement

Answer 12

Synechia (asherman syndrome)

Question 13

intraplacental area of hemorrhage or clot

Answer 13

thrombosis

Question 14

Result of the fetus actually passing through a loop or loops of umbilical cord creating one or more knots in the cord

Answer 14

True knot

Question 15

Method of assessing the degree of umbilical cord coiling, defined as the number of complete coils per cm length of cord

Answer 15

umbilical coiling index (UCI)

Question 16

Vascular structure connecting the fetus and placenta that normally contains two arteries and one vein surrounded by wharton jelly

Answer 16

umbilical cord

Question 17

failure of the normal physiologic gut herniation to regress into the abdomen resulting in a small amount of bowel protruding into the base of the umbilical cord

Answer 17

umbilical hernia

Question 18

Tubular, anechoic structures found beneath the chorionic plate that correspond to blood filled spaces found at delivery

Answer 18

Venous lakes

Question 19

Placental hydrops produces a
a- thin placenta with venous lakes
b- thick placenta with a ground like appearance
c- annular placenta with irregular contour
d-membranacea placenta with low resistance blood flow

Answer 19

Thick placenta with a “ground-glass appearance”

Question 20

A “jelly like placenta” is associated with
a-venous lakes
b-IUGR
c-adjacent fibroid
d-degeneration

Answer 20

IUGR

Question 21

A succenturiate placenta
a-has increased frequency in primigravidas
b-is ring shaped
c-most often have velamentous umbilical cord insertion
d- is edematous

Answer 21

most often have velamentous umbilical cord insertion

Question 22

Circumvallate placental tissue is
a-flat and noted on approx 20% of placenta
b-associated with a thickened rolled chorioamniotic membrane
c-extremely rare
d-prone to fetal macrosomia

Answer 22

associated with thicken rolled chorioamniotic membrane

Question 23

Risk factor for placenta previa include all except
a-previous c section
b-multiple gestation
c-previous elective abortions
d-hypertension

Answer 23

hypertension

Question 24

A placenta is considered low lying if the inferior margin is
a-0.5 cm from internal os
b-adjacent to the interal os
c-within 2 cm of the internal os
d-posterior

Answer 24

Within 2 cm of the internal os

Question 25

The most infiltrative form of placenta accreta is a-percreta b-accreta c-increta d-invasive

Answer 25

percreta

Question 26

Attachment problems of the placenta are known as all except a-morbidly adherent placenta b-placetnal attachment disorder c-abdnormally invasive placenta d-infiltrative myometrial placenta

Answer 26

infiltrative myometrial placenta

Question 27

Placental infarction is a-visualized at the fetal placement surface b-owing to obstructed spiral arteries c-multiple mhemorrhages into placental lakes d-factor in macrosomia

Answer 27

owing to obstructed spiral arteries

Question 28

A benign vascular malformation of the placenta is a a-teratoma b-septal cyst c-lacuna d-chorioangioma

Answer 28

chorioangioma

Question 29

Premature separation of all of part of the placenta from the myometrium is a-hemorrhage b-subchorionic c-abruption d-subdural

Answer 29

abruption

Question 30

Linear, extra amniotic tissue projection into the amniotic cavity is noted often in pregnant women with hx of a-uterine curettage b-cervical dilation c-multiples d-stds

Answer 30

uterine curettage

Question 31

amniotic band syndrome is a condition that a-involves free floating membrane b- is a result of rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion c- is not revealed in the 3rd trimester d- involves the uterine septum

Answer 31

is a result of rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion

Question 32

A condition of pregnancy where the trophoblastic cells produce excessive amounts of beta human chorionic gonadotropin is a-multiparity b-fetal entrapment c- molar pregnancy d- compression syndrome

Answer 32

molar pregnancy

Question 33

SUA is associated with all except a-cardiovascular malformations b- central nervous system defects c- musculoskeletal abnormalities d- skeletal dysplasia

Answer 33

skeletal dysplasia

Question 34

PRUV, a common vascular variant describes a- a strictured right portal vein b- a duplicated right portal vein c- pancreatic right portal vein d- open right portal vein

Answer 34

open right portal vein

Question 35

TTTS is caused by a- battledore umbilical insertion b- monochorionic twin pregnancies c- oligohydramnios d- discordant fetal size and polyhydramnios

Answer 35

battledore umbilical insertion

Question 36

prenatal management of known umbilical pseudo and true cysts a- is not necessary because resolution is imminent b- typically referes to MRI for evaluation c- involves serial us exams d- displays echogenic characteristis near placenta insertion

Answer 36

typically refers to MRI for evaluation

Question 37

Cord prolapse is defined as: a- compressed umbilical cord b- presentation of the umbilical cord in advance of the fetal presenting oart during labor and delivey c- excessive bending and twisting of the umbilical cord d- focal bulge or vascular protuberance of the umbilical cord

Answer 37

Excessive bending and twisting of the umbilical cord

Question 38

Area between the myometrium and placenta

Answer 38

retroplacental

Question 39

the functional layer of the endometrium in the gravid woman

Answer 39

decidua

Question 40

Uterine contractions that do not lead to labor

Answer 40

Braxton-hicks

Question 41

Inhalations and suspension of breath coupled with abdominal muscles contraction to increase abdominal pressure

Answer 41

Valsalva

Question 42

white, cheese like coating if fetal skin

Answer 42

vernix caseosum

Question 43

extra placental lobe smaller than the placenta

Answer 43

Bilobed placenta

Question 44

Mucous tissue surrounding the umbilical cord

Answer 44

Wharton jelly

Question 45

lobule or subdivision of the maternal placenta containing fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous splace

Answer 45

cotyledons

Question 46

The placenta is responsible for all but: a- hormonal functions b- nutritive functions c- respiratory functions d- excretory functions

Answer 46

hormonal functions

Question 47

vascular resistance changes in the umbilical cord can be caused by all except a- umbilical cord compression b- maternal hypotension c- placental tumor d- maternal diabetes

Answer 47

maternal hypotension

Question 48

The umbilical cord originates from fusion of the yolk sac stalk and the omphalomesenteric duct at approx

Answer 48

7 weeks

Question 49

The maternal side of the placenta a- is homogeneous b- is made of approx 20 cotyledons c- is bordered by amnion d- attaches to the chorionic plate

Answer 49

is made of approx 20 cotyledons

Question 50

the umbilical cord consists of

Answer 50

2 arteries, vein, and wharton jelly

Question 51

The normal at term umbilical cord length is approx

Answer 51

52 to 61 cm

Question 52

the normal term placenta weighs between

Answer 52

480 and 600 g

Question 53

the normal placental thickness at 24 weeks gestation is less than

Answer 53

4cm

Question 54

placental calcification may be caused by all except a-lung maturity b- maternal smoking c- parity d- season of the year

Answer 54

lung maturity

Question 55

a normal mean circumference of the term umbilical cord is

Answer 55

3.8 cm