Ch. 21

Question 1

The early modern Islamic empires

Answer 1

Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid

Question 2

How were the three Muslim early modern empires similar?

Answer 2

Armies relied heavily on large cannons and muskets

Question 3

What were the differences between the various muslim early modern empires?

Answer 3

Mughal did not launch conquest because of religious fervor

Question 4

Prior to the Mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by what group?

Answer 4

Seljuk Turks

Question 5

The original base of the Ottoman Turks was where?

Answer 5

Antolia

Question 6

Following the Timurid invasions, the Ottoman Empire was restored under what leader?

Answer 6

Seljuk sultans

Question 7

The ottomans conquered constantinople and ended the byzantine Empire in what year?

Answer 7

1453

Question 8

Describe the ottoman navy

Answer 8

powerful galley fleets captured island bases on rhodes, crete, and cyprus

Question 9

Who were the Janissaries?

Answer 9

Infantry divisions which dominated imperial armies after mid 15th century

Question 10

What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the ottoman empire?

Answer 10

They controlled artillery and firearms - the most powerful components of military

Question 11

The head of the ottoman central bureaucracy was the:

Answer 11

vizer

Question 12

What was the principle of succession within the ottoman empire?

Answer 12

Like other dynasties before - many were qualified & would fight for it

Question 13

One of the most beautiful of the ottoman mosques of constantinople was the?

Answer 13

Suleymaniye mosque

Question 14

What did the ottomans do to constantinople following its fall in 1453?

Answer 14

they began to “restore its ancient glory”

Question 15

In what way were the artisans of constantinople similar to their counterparts in the west

Answer 15

organized into guilds

Question 16

What was the chosen language of the ottoman court?

Answer 16

Turkish

Question 17

How did the ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families?

Answer 17

Lasted over 600 years - feat matched by no other ruling family

Question 18

What were the causes for the decline of the ottoman empire

Answer 18

• Internal revolts
• Conflict with rivals
• Too large
• Corruption of officials

Question 19

ON the sea, the ottoman galleys were eclipsed by western naval power as early as?

Answer 19

16th century

Question 20

What european nation first threatened the ottoman monopoly of trade with east africa and india?

Answer 20

Portugal

Question 21

What were the results of the ottoman loss of monopoly over the indian trade?

Answer 21

Direct carriage of eastern goods to ports in the west implied loss of tax from muslim trading centers

Question 22

Which group represented such extreme conservatism within the ottoman empire that reform was frustrated?

Answer 22

Janissaries

Question 23

What were the differences between the declines of the abbasids and the ottomans?

Answer 23

Safavids represented the Shi’ite islam

Question 24

What were the differences between the origins of the ottomans and the safavids?

Answer 24

Safavid market economy more constricted tan the ottomans

Question 25

The center of the safavid empire was the modern-day state of

Answer 25

Iran

Question 26

The safavid dynasty had its origins in the fourteenth century in a family devoted to what variant of islam

Answer 26

Sufi

Question 27

In what year was the first safavid declared shah?

Answer 27

1501

Question 28

Followers of the safavivds followers were called:

Answer 28

Red heads

Question 29

The first safavid shah was?

Answer 29

Isma'il

Question 30

Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important?

Answer 30

Checked western advance of safavid empire & religon

Question 31

The safavid empire reached its greatest extent under Shah:

Answer 31

Abbas the great

Question 32

What was the status of the Turkic chiefs under the safavid shahs

Answer 32

warrior nobility

Question 33

After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid Empire became?

Answer 33

persian

Question 34

The capital of the safavid empire under abbas the great was?

Answer 34

Isfahan

Question 35

How did the Safavids economy compare to that of the Ottomans?

Answer 35

- More constricted - less market oriented - more technically backward

Question 36

What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid Empire?

Answer 36

-Conflict with ottomans, russian, and the mogul empire

Question 37

The immediate successor of the safavid dynasty in persia was?

Answer 37

Nadir Khan Afshar

Question 38

Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty?

Answer 38

Babur

Question 39

The first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526 at the battle ofL

Answer 39

Panipatl

Question 40

Describe the accomplishments/life of Babur

Answer 40

Fine military strategist/fighter. loved music & the arts

Question 41

Describe the reign of Humayan?

Answer 41

- Good soldier - Enemies striked at all sides forcing him to flee to perisa - he then led a series of campaigns & reestablished rule

Question 42

What was the critical feature of Akbar's new religion, the Din-i-Illahi?

Answer 42

United hindus and muslims

Question 43

What was the outcome of the Din-i-Illahi?>

Answer 43

Failed

Question 44

Describe the economy of the Mughal empire?

Answer 44

Major trading destination for europeans, indian textiles developed

Question 45

What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb?

Answer 45

Bureaucracy-bloated 7 corrupt Army-backward in weaponry & tactics Living standards for lower class declined

Question 46

What were the goals of Aurangzeb>

Answer 46

expand over indian sub-continent; purify indian islam

Question 47

What was the impact of Aurangzeb's religious policies?

Answer 47

Weakened hindu/muslim alliances; disrupted social peace that Akbar had established

Question 48

What was the state of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb's death in 1707?

Answer 48

Larger; control of regional lords grew

Question 49

Ddescribe the relationship of the muslim empires to the west?

Answer 49

- None of the islamic people monitored the technological advances in europe - key tax revenue & merchant profits were drained off by the rise of european trading empires in Asia - Muslim scholars continued to take little interest in european learnings - failed to match the intellectual & material accomplishments of the west