Ch 21 Assment Of Cardiovascular Function

Question 1

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

A constellation of signs and symptoms due to the rupture of Atherosclerotic plaque and resulting partial or complete thrombosis within a diseased coronary artery

Question 2

Afterload

Answer 2

The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle

Question 3

Apical impulse

Answer 3

Impulse normally palpitated at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line; caused by contraction of the vent left ventricle(synonym point of maximal impulse)

Question 4

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 4

Secondary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve

Question 5

Baroreceptors

Answer 5

Nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and Coronary arteries that are responsible for control of the blood pressure

Question 6

Cardiac catheterization

Answer 6

An invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries

Question 7

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 7

Specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating and coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells

Question 8

Cardiac output

Answer 8

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute

Question 9

Cardiac stress test

Answer 9

A test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand; test may be initiated by exercise or medication’s

Question 10

Contractility

Answer 10

Ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse

Question 11

Depolarization

Answer 11

Electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell

Question 12

Ejection fraction

Answer 12

Percentage of the end diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 13

Hemodynamic monitoring

Answer 13

Do use of pressure monitoring devices to directly measure cardiovascular function

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

Blood pressure that is persistently greater than 130/80 Mm Hg

Question 15

Hypotension

Answer 15

A decrease in blood pressure to less than 90/60 mmHg that comprises systematic perfusion

Question 16

Murmurs

Answer 16

Sound created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart

Question 17

Myocardial ischemia

Answer 17

Condition in which heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than needed

Question 18

Myocardium

Answer 18

Muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart

Question 19

Normal heart sounds

Answer 19

Sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves)

Question 20

Opening snaps

Answer 20

Abnormal diastolic sounds generated during opening of rigid atrioventricular valve leaflets

Question 21

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 21

A significant drop in blood pressure(20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic or more) After an upright posture is assumed

Question 22

Preload

Answer 22

Degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole 

Question 23

Pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 23

Resistance to blood flow out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system

Question 24

Pulse deficit

Answer 24

The difference between the apical and the radial pulse rates

Question 25

Radioisotopes

Answer 25

Unstable atoms that give off small amounts of energy in the form of gamma rays as they decay; used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies

Question 26

Repolarization

Answer 26

Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium enter the cell wall sodium exits the cell

Question 27

S1

Answer 27

The first heart sound produced by closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves

Question 28

S2

Answer 28

The second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves

Question 29

S3

Answer 29

An abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle; most often due to volume overload associated with heart failure

Question 30

S4

Answer 30

An abnormal heart sound detected late in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction; most often caused by hyper trophy of the ventricle

Question 31

Sinoatrial (SA) node 

Answer 31

Primary pacemaker of the heart, Located in the right atrium

Question 32

Stroke volume

Answer 32

Amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heartbeat

Question 33

Summation gallop

Answer 33

Abnormal sound created by the presence of an S3 and S4 during periods of tachycardia

Question 34

Systematic vascular resistance

Answer 34

Resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systematic circulatory system

Question 35

Systole

Answer 35

Period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 36

Systolic click

Answer 36

Abnormal systolic sound created by the opening of a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction

Question 37

Telemetry 

Answer 37

The process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring by the transmission of radio waves from a battery operated transmitter worn by the patient