CH 21 Risk Factors Facilitation Transmission of Infectious Agents Flashcards
(23 cards)
Examples of Infectious Agents
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites
Break the Chain: Infectious Agents
Diagnosis and treatment, Antimicrobial stewardship
Examples of Reservoir
Dirty Surface, People, Water, Animal/Insect, Soil
Break the Chain: Reservoir
Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, infection prevention policies, pest controls
Examples of Portal of Entry
Broken skin, incisions, respiratory tract, mucous membrane, catheters and tubes
Break the Chain: Portal of Entry
Hand hygiene, ppe, personal hygiene, first aid, removal of invasive devices
Examples of Portal of Exit
open wound, splatter of body fluids, aerosols
Break the Chain: Portal of Exit
Hand hygiene, PPE, control of aerosols and splatter, respiratory etiquette, waste disposal
Examples of Mode of Transmission
Contact (direct/indirect), ingestion, inhalation
Break the Chain: Mode of Transmission
Hand hygiene, PPE, food safety, cleaning, disinfection. Sterilization, isolation
Examples of Susceptible Host
Any person, especially immunocompromised
Break the Chain: Mode of Transmission
Immunization, treatment of underlying disease, health insurance, patient education
virulence
the ability to grow and multiply
infectivity
the ability to enter tissue
pathogenicity
the ability to cause disease
duration of exposure
length of time the person is exposed to the organism
size of inoculum
the number of organisms needed to cause disease
Medical Interventions that Increase Risk
Presence of invasive devices
Placement in an ICU
Exposure to antibiotics or certain medications
Immunosuppressive therapy
Length of hospitalization
Staffing ratios
Experience and training of care provider for certain device-associated infections
Increased number of HCP examinations/procedures
Patient Factors that Increase Risk of Transmission of Infectious Agents
Immunosuppresive disease,
malignant disorders
occupatioon, travel history, residence, contact with pets/animals. burn wounds, trauma
Personal Practice
Immunization of personnel
Restriction of HCP with possible acute ID symptoms
Assignment of patients to be care for by immune HCP
Protocols should be created for evaluation and follow-up of employees with ID exposure
Patients with the same airborne disease may share a room if there is no clinical contraindication
true
Cohorting of patients infected or colonized with a common organism by room or personnel assignments can reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents to other noninfectious patients
true
Increased HAI rates have been associated with the use of nonpermanent staff
true
