Ch 22

Question 1

1st function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood

Question 2

2nd function of the respiratory system

Answer 2

moves air to/from lungs

Question 3

3rd function of the respiratory system

Answer 3

protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment

Question 4

4th function of the respiratory system

Answer 4

produces sounds

Question 5

5th function of the respiratory system

Answer 5

participates in olfactory sense

Question 6

conducting zone

Answer 6

• nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
• functional division of the respiratory tract

Question 7

respiratory zone

Answer 7

• respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
• functional division of the respiratory tract

Question 8

upper respiratory system

Answer 8

• above the larynx
• physical division of the respiratory system

Question 9

lower respiratory system

Answer 9

• below the larynx
• physical division of the respiratory system

Question 10

external nares

Answer 10

nostrils

Question 11

nasal vestibule

Answer 11

space contained within flexible tissues of the nose; contains nasal hairs

Question 12

nasal hairs

Answer 12

first particle filtration system (dust, pollen, etc)

Question 13

nasal septum

Answer 13

divides nasal cavity

Question 14

nasal cavity

Answer 14

superior portion is the olfactory region

Question 15

pharynx

Answer 15

• throat
• shared by digestive and respiratory systems

Question 16

nasopharynx

Answer 16

• superior portion of pharynx
• contains pharyngeal tonsils
• ONLY for air (closed by uvula and soft palate when swallowing)

Question 17

oropharynx

Answer 17

• middle portion of pharynx
• built for food and air passage
• posterior of mouth

Question 18

laryngopharynx

Answer 18

• inferior portion of pharynx
• extends from hyoid bone to entrance of larynx and esophagus

Question 19

larynx

Answer 19

• voice box
• air flow
• cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and vocal cords
• sound production

Question 20

sound production

Answer 20

air passes through glottis and vibrates vocal cords

Question 21

epiglottis

Answer 21

elastic cartilage; blocks lower respiratory passages during swallowing

Question 22

air flow

Answer 22

• from pharynx to larynx

Question 23

trachea

Answer 23

• windpipe
• branches into right and left pulmonary bronchi

Question 24

lungs

Answer 24

each in a pleural cavity

Question 25

base

Answer 25

inferior portion of each lung rests on the diaphragm

Question 26

lobes

Answer 26

lungs have lobes separated by deep fissures

Question 27

right lung

Answer 27

- three lobes - wider - displaced upward by liver

Question 28

left lung

Answer 28

- two lobes - longer - displaced leftward by the heart

Question 29

cardiac notch

Answer 29

left lung displaced leftward by the heart

Question 30

bronchial tree

Answer 30

formed by the primary bronchi and its branches, then into bronchioles

Question 31

bronchitis

Answer 31

- inflammation of bronchial walls - causes constriction and breathing difficulty

Question 32

alveolar ducts and alveoli

Answer 32

respiratory bronchioles use alveolar ducts to connect to alveoli grouped in alveolar sacs

Question 33

pulmonary embolism

Answer 33

pulmonary vessels are easily blocked by blood clots, fat, or air bubbles

Question 34

external respiration

Answer 34

exchanging O2 and CO2 with the environment - pulmonary ventilation (breathing), gas exchange in lungs, transportation of gases in the blood stream

Question 35

internal respiration

Answer 35

uptake of O2 and release of CO2 by cells within the body

Question 36

inspiration

Answer 36

inhalation

Question 37

expiration

Answer 37

exhalation

Question 38

1st needed for gas exchange

Answer 38

partial pressures of the gases

Question 39

2nd needed for gas exchange

Answer 39

diffusion of molecules between gas and liquid

Question 40

3rd needed for gas exchange

Answer 40

occurs in response to concentration gradients

Question 41

partial pressures

Answer 41

pressure contributed by each gas in the atmosphere