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Health Assessment NUR 202 > CH: 22 Abdomen > Flashcards

CH: 22 Abdomen Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

assessment order for abdomen?

A

inspect
auscultate
percuss
palpate

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2
Q

which organs are in the solid viscera?

A

liver
pancreas
spleen
adrenal glands
kidneys
ovaries
uterus

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3
Q

what organs are in the hollow viscera?

A

stomach
gallbladder
small intestine
colon
bladder

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4
Q

what does the hollow viscera shape depend on?

A

contents

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5
Q

how many quadrants in the abdomen?

A

4

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6
Q

which quadrant do you start assessment in?

A

the right lower quadrant

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7
Q

what direction do you assess the abdomen in?

A

clockwise

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8
Q

why is the abdomen assessment sequence different?

A

to not disrupt abdominal contents

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9
Q

what are the regions of the abdomen?

A

epigastric
umbilical
suprapubic

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10
Q

organs in RLQ?

A

appendix
ascending colon

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11
Q

which organs in RUQ?

A

liver
gallbladder

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12
Q

organs in LLQ?

A

descending colon
sigmoid colon

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13
Q

organs in LUQ?

A

stomach
spleen
small intestine

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14
Q

watery stool is?

A

diarrhea

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15
Q

which kidney is lower than the other?

A

right kidney due to liver

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16
Q

what labs tell us about protein?

A

liver panel:
total protein and albumin

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17
Q

what do you do with stethoscope before auscultating?

A

warm! and press lightly

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18
Q

____ accumulation is common in aging adults

A

fat

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19
Q

why is decreased saliva important?

A

saliva breaks down food and impairs taste buds
*could increase sugar or salt intake
*important in diabetes, heart failure, hypertension

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20
Q

why is delayed esophageal emptying important?

A

increases aspiration risk and sphincter issues (acid reflux or aspiration)
*stays in esophagus longer

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21
Q

what is important with pernicious anemia?

A

B12

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22
Q

why is impaired calcium absorption problematic?

A

we steal it from bones
*can develop osteoporosis

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23
Q

_____ in liver size in older adults?

A

decrease
*can cause impaired metabolism of meds and toxins - can develop serious side effects (may need to decrease doses, can cause liver and kidney problems)

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24
Q

big thing about any assessment?

A

not exposing patient
only lift gown when ready to examine

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25
what could pulsations in the abdomen indicate?
abdominal aortic aneurysm
26
scaphoid contour?
concaved/sunken in
27
protuberant contour?
protruding outward *may see in ascites, obesity, pregnancy
28
what are the different hernias?
hiatal - stomach umbilical - umbilicus (usually in belly button/intestine) scrotal - genitalia
29
what side of stethoscope for vascular sounds?
the bell (low, soft pitched sounds)
30
which side of stethoscope better for bowel sounds?
diaphragm (high pitched)
31
what are hypoactive bowel sounds?
decreased, can follow surgery or inflammation *<5 per min
32
what are hyperactive bowel sounds?
loud, high pitched- signal increased motility *>30 per min
33
normal bowel sounds?
irregular cascading high pitched gurgling 5-30 per min
34
what pattern do you follow for percussing the abdomen?
zigzag pattern *bc the way intestines flow
35
how many times to strike finger during percussion?
twice
36
what sound do you hear when percussing over abdomen?
tympany *bc air filled areas like intestines
37
dull sound when?
over organs
38
flat sound when?
over bone
39
what is a fluid wave test?
for ascites *pt places hand over umbilicus and you push fluid from one side- if you feel wave on other side its positive
40
what types of patients develop ascites?
liver issues kidney issues (fluid overload) heart failure cancer
41
_______ organs are abnormal during palpation
enlarged
42
______ palpation followed by ______ palpation
light, deep
43
assess painful/tender areas when?
last
44
for liver palpation place hands where?
pt back between 11 and 12 rib and push up and hand on front midclavicular *have pt breath slowly
45
what is rebound tenderness?
more pain when pressure to area is released *usually present in peritonitis
46
what is blumberg's sign associated with?
appendicitis
47
what is murphy's sign associated with?
cholecystitis (gall bladder issues)
48
should you push on enlargements?
no
49
costovertebral tenderness?
tapping over flank (kidney) to see if tender *usually with renal inflammation or stones or UTI
50
best position for abdominal assessment?
supine and flat
51
where would you notice pulsations/movements?
below xiphoid process
52
where do you auscultate the abdominal aorta?
midline under xiphoid above belly button
53
where do you auscultate renal arteries?
above belly button laterally
54
where do you auscultate the iliac arteries?
below belly button laterally
55
what is normal when listening for vascular sounds?
to hear nothing *bruit= abnormal (stenosis)
56
which enlarged organs would you feel with light palpations?
liver and nodules
57
which enlarged organs would you feel with deep palpations?
spleen kidney
58
where do you feel an umbilical hernia?
usually in belly button/intestine have pt cough
59
where do you feel epigastric hernia?
epigastric area palpable when pt stands
60
where do you feel incisional hernia?
anywhere there is an incision seen when sitting or standing

Health Assessment NUR 202 (17 decks)

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