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Health Assessment NUR 202 > CH: 22 Abdomen > Flashcards

CH: 22 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

assessment order for abdomen?

A

inspect
auscultate
percuss
palpate

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2
Q

which organs are in the solid viscera?

A

liver
pancreas
spleen
adrenal glands
kidneys
ovaries
uterus

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3
Q

what organs are in the hollow viscera?

A

stomach
gallbladder
small intestine
colon
bladder

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4
Q

what does the hollow viscera shape depend on?

A

contents

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5
Q

how many quadrants in the abdomen?

A

4

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6
Q

which quadrant do you start assessment in?

A

the right lower quadrant

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7
Q

what direction do you assess the abdomen in?

A

clockwise

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8
Q

why is the abdomen assessment sequence different?

A

to not disrupt abdominal contents

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9
Q

what are the regions of the abdomen?

A

epigastric
umbilical
suprapubic

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10
Q

organs in RLQ?

A

appendix
ascending colon

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11
Q

which organs in RUQ?

A

liver
gallbladder

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12
Q

organs in LLQ?

A

descending colon
sigmoid colon

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13
Q

organs in LUQ?

A

stomach
spleen
small intestine

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14
Q

watery stool is?

A

diarrhea

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15
Q

which kidney is lower than the other?

A

right kidney due to liver

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16
Q

what labs tell us about protein?

A

liver panel:
total protein and albumin

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17
Q

what do you do with stethoscope before auscultating?

A

warm! and press lightly

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18
Q

____ accumulation is common in aging adults

A

fat

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19
Q

why is decreased saliva important?

A

saliva breaks down food and impairs taste buds
*could increase sugar or salt intake
*important in diabetes, heart failure, hypertension

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20
Q

why is delayed esophageal emptying important?

A

increases aspiration risk and sphincter issues (acid reflux or aspiration)
*stays in esophagus longer

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21
Q

what is important with pernicious anemia?

A

B12

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22
Q

why is impaired calcium absorption problematic?

A

we steal it from bones
*can develop osteoporosis

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23
Q

_____ in liver size in older adults?

A

decrease
*can cause impaired metabolism of meds and toxins - can develop serious side effects (may need to decrease doses, can cause liver and kidney problems)

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24
Q

big thing about any assessment?

A

not exposing patient
only lift gown when ready to examine

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25
Q

what could pulsations in the abdomen indicate?

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

26
Q

scaphoid contour?

A

concaved/sunken in

27
Q

protuberant contour?

A

protruding outward
*may see in ascites, obesity, pregnancy

28
Q

what are the different hernias?

A

hiatal - stomach
umbilical - umbilicus (usually in belly button/intestine)
scrotal - genitalia

29
Q

what side of stethoscope for vascular sounds?

A

the bell (low, soft pitched sounds)

30
Q

which side of stethoscope better for bowel sounds?

A

diaphragm (high pitched)

31
Q

what are hypoactive bowel sounds?

A

decreased, can follow surgery or inflammation
*<5 per min

32
Q

what are hyperactive bowel sounds?

A

loud, high pitched- signal increased motility
*>30 per min

33
Q

normal bowel sounds?

A

irregular
cascading
high pitched
gurgling
5-30 per min

34
Q

what pattern do you follow for percussing the abdomen?

A

zigzag pattern
*bc the way intestines flow

35
Q

how many times to strike finger during percussion?

A

twice

36
Q

what sound do you hear when percussing over abdomen?

A

tympany
*bc air filled areas like intestines

37
Q

dull sound when?

A

over organs

38
Q

flat sound when?

A

over bone

39
Q

what is a fluid wave test?

A

for ascites
*pt places hand over umbilicus and you push fluid from one side- if you feel wave on other side its positive

40
Q

what types of patients develop ascites?

A

liver issues
kidney issues (fluid overload)
heart failure
cancer

41
Q

_______ organs are abnormal during palpation

A

enlarged

42
Q

______ palpation followed by ______ palpation

A

light, deep

43
Q

assess painful/tender areas when?

A

last

44
Q

for liver palpation place hands where?

A

pt back between 11 and 12 rib and push up and hand on front midclavicular
*have pt breath slowly

45
Q

what is rebound tenderness?

A

more pain when pressure to area is released
*usually present in peritonitis

46
Q

what is blumberg’s sign associated with?

A

appendicitis

47
Q

what is murphy’s sign associated with?

A

cholecystitis (gall bladder issues)

48
Q

should you push on enlargements?

A

no

49
Q

costovertebral tenderness?

A

tapping over flank (kidney) to see if tender
*usually with renal inflammation or stones or UTI

50
Q

best position for abdominal assessment?

A

supine and flat

51
Q

where would you notice pulsations/movements?

A

below xiphoid process

52
Q

where do you auscultate the abdominal aorta?

A

midline
under xiphoid above belly button

53
Q

where do you auscultate renal arteries?

A

above belly button laterally

54
Q

where do you auscultate the iliac arteries?

A

below belly button laterally

55
Q

what is normal when listening for vascular sounds?

A

to hear nothing
*bruit= abnormal (stenosis)

56
Q

which enlarged organs would you feel with light palpations?

A

liver and nodules

57
Q

which enlarged organs would you feel with deep palpations?

A

spleen
kidney

58
Q

where do you feel an umbilical hernia?

A

usually in belly button/intestine
have pt cough

59
Q

where do you feel epigastric hernia?

A

epigastric area
palpable when pt stands

60
Q

where do you feel incisional hernia?

A

anywhere there is an incision
seen when sitting or standing

Health Assessment NUR 202 (17 decks)

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