Ch: 22 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance

Question 1

Body fluids make up between how much total body mass?

Answer 1

55-60%

Question 2

Fluids are present in two main “compartments” – inside cells and outside cells; t/f?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

About two-thirds of body fluid is:

Answer 3

intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytosol, the fluid within cells. The other third, called extracellular fluid (ECF),

Question 4

How much % of the ECF? How much is blood plasma

Answer 4

80% is of the ECF is interstitial fluid, which occupies the spaces between tissue cells,

about about 20% of the ECF is blood plsma.

Question 5

Two “barriers” separate intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, & plasma:

Answer 5

1. plasma membrane and
2. blood vessel walls

Question 6

______ _______means that the various body compartments contain the normal amount of water and solutes

Answer 6

Fluid balance

Question 7

Water is the largest single component in the body, about how much total body mass?

Answer 7

45-50% of total body mass

Question 8

Daily water gain and loss are each about

Answer 8

2.5 L/day

Question 9

Sources of water GAIN are ingested liquids, (food and drinks) and water produced by

Answer 9

metabolic reactions

Question 10

Water is lost from the body through:

Answer 10

urine, evaporation from the skin surface, exhalation by the lungs, and
GI tract (feces, defecation)

Question 11

An area in the hypothalamus of the brain known as the

Answer 11

thirst center governs the urge to drink.

Question 12

When water loss is greater than water gain,

Answer 12

dehydration, a decrease in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure of body fluids—stimulates thirst.

Question 13

1. reduces urinary loss of Na+ and Cl– and water, thereby increases the volume of body fluids.

Answer 13

Aldosterone

Question 14

2. promotes natriuresis, elevated excretion of Na+ (and Cl–) and water, which decreases blood volume and blood pressure

Answer 14

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 15

3. The major hormone that regulates water loss is ___ ____ _____

Answer 15

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin.

Question 16

An increase in the osmotic pressure of body fluids stimulates ADH, which triggers the kidneys to

Answer 16

to reabsorb water. (RAA System) kicks in when blood pressure drops

Question 17

Pathways through which Dehydration Stimulates Thirst:Renin - ADH diagram

Answer 17

Slide 12-13

Question 18

Summary of Factors that Maintain Body Water Balance

Answer 18

Slide 14

Question 19

Electrolytes in Body Fluids.
The ions formed when electrolytes break apart serve four general functions in the body:

Answer 19

1.Control the movement (osmosis) of water between fluid compartments.

2.Help maintain acid–base balance. (ph)

3. Carry electrical current.

4.Serve as cofactors for optimal activity of enyzmes.

Question 20

Sodium ions (Na+) are the most abundant extracellular cations. t/f?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Sodium ions (Na+) are involved in?

Answer 21

action potentials, muscle contraction, and fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 22

Na+ level is controlled by:

Answer 22

chlorine ions (Cl–) are the major extracellular anions.

They play a role in regulating osmotic pressure and forming HCl in gastric juice.

Question 23

Cl– level is controlled by processes that increase or decrease kidney reabsorption of Na+. True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

are the most abundant cations in intracellular fluid.

Answer 24

Potassium ions (K+)