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ANAT-125 Ch 22 - Heart > CH 22 - Heart > Flashcards

CH 22 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Anatomy

A
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2
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Carries DEOXYGENATED blood to lungs for gas exchange; from right side of the heart to the left side of the lungs w/ pulmonary arteries. Back to the

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3
Q

Pericardial Sac

A

Conical sac of fibrous tissue surrounding the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels

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4
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

between heart and pericardial sac; contains pericardial fluid

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5
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

lines pericardial sac

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6
Q

Visceral Paricardium

A

Epicardium, covers the heart

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7
Q

Base

A

Region where the major arteries and veins connect

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8
Q

Apex

A

tip of the heart

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9
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

Groove between the aria and the ventricles

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10
Q

Interventricular Sulcus

A

depression between the ventricles

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11
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives blood from Systemic circuit

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12
Q

Right Ventricle

A

discharges blood from the pulmonary circuit

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13
Q

Left Atrium

A

receives blood from pulmonary circuit

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14
Q

Left Ventricle

A

discharges blood from systemic circuit

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15
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from upper systemic organs to the right atrium

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16
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from lower systemic organs to the right atrium

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17
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

carries blood to the lungs from right ventricle

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18
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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19
Q

Ascending Aorta

A

carries blood to the systemic organs from the left ventricle

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20
Q

Aortic Arch

A

A bend in the aorta that allows vessel to branch to the upper body before descending to the lower body

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21
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosus

A

Remnant of the fetal vascular connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch

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22
Q

Sectional Anatomy

A
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23
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

heart wall between left and right ventricles

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24
Q

Right Atrioventricular Valve

A

(Tricuspid Valve) controls movement of blood between the right atrium and right ventricle
1st “Lubb” sound when closing

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25
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
controls movement of blood between the right ventricle and the pulmonary circuit 2nd "Dupp" sound when closing
26
Left Atrioventricular Valve
(Bicuspid valve, mitral valve) controls movement of blood between the left ventricle and the left atrium
27
Aortic semilunar Valve
controls movement of blood between the left ventricle and the systemic circuit
28
Chordae Tendinae
Tendonous fibers that grab the cusps of the atrioventricular valves
29
Papillary muscles
Cardiac muscle that connects to the Chordae Tindinae
30
Trabeculae Carne
Deep grooves and folds in the ventricles
31
Fosa Ovale
Remnant of the fetal opening between right and left atria
32
Fetal heart and circulation
33
Foramen Ovale
Opening between right and left atria
34
Ductus Atreriosus
Vascular connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
35
Ligamentum Ateriosus
Rement of the fetal vascular connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
36
Umbilical Artery
carries oxygen poor blood(deoxygenated) from the fetal internal illiac arteries to the placenta of the mother
37
Umbilical Vein
Carries oxygen rich blood (oxygenated) from the placenta of the mother to the inferior Vena Cava of the fetus
38
Placenta
contains two parallel and separate blood capillary networks. 1 - connects to the mother 2 - connects to the fetus
39
Coronary Circulation
40
Coronary Arteries
originate at the base of the ascending Aorta
41
Right Coronary Artery
Follows Coronary Sulcus
42
Right Marginal Artieries
Extends along right border
43
Posterior Descending Artery
Within the posterior interventricular sulcus
44
Left Coronary Artery
follows coronary sulcus
45
Anterior Descending Artery
within the anterior interventricular sulcus
46
Circumflex artery
follows coronary sulcus; fuses with the right coronary artery
47
Left Marginal Artery
(Obtuse) extends along left border
48
Right Posterolateral Artery
extends posterior, lateral to the posterior interventricular sulcus
49
Coronary Veins
(Cardiac Viens) most empty into the coronary sinus and then the right atrium
50
Anterior Cardiac Veins
Adjacent to right marginal arteries anteriorly, empty directly into the right atrium anteriorly
51
Right marginal Cardiac Vein
adjacent to the right border of the right ventricle; either connects to the small cardiac vein or empties directly into the lateral right atrium
52
Small Cardiac Vein
between the right atrium and ventricle posteriorly; empties into the coronary sinus
53
Posterior Descending Vein
(Middle Cardiac Vein) Adjacent to posterior descending arteries
54
Great Cardiac Vein
Adjacent to anterior descending arteries, empties into the coronary sinus
55
Left Marginal Cardiac Vein
Extends along left border adjacent to left marginal (obtuse) artery
56
Posterior Cardiac Vein
Adjacent to posteriorolateral artery
57
Coronary Sinus
in posterior coronary sulcus; empties into the right atrium
58
Heart Wall
59
Epicardium
(Visceral Pericardium) Covers exterior to heart consists of a mesothelial (Simple Squamous) and connective tissue layer
60
Myocardium
Muscular wall of the heart contains cardiac muscle, connective tissue, blood vessel, nerves
61
Endocardium
Covers interior of heart Consists of an endothelial (simple squamous) layer
62
Cardiac Muscle
63
Cardiac Muscle Cell
Short cells with single nuclei
64
Intercalated disc
Sites of membrane bonding at ends of adjacent cardiac muscle cells
65
Endomysium
Fibrous connective tissue connecting cardiac muscle cells together side by side
66
Cardiac Pumping and muscle contraction
67
Heart as a pump
68
Cardiac cycle
Period between one heart beat and the next Blood moves from one chamber to the next when the pressure in the first chamber exceeds that in the second
69
Atrial Relaxation
Causes a decrease in atrial pressures As the atrial pressures become less than the venous pressures, blood moves from the veins to the atria
70
Ventricular Relaxation (Diastole)
Causes rapid decrease in ventricular pressure Semilunar valve closes when the ventricular pressure becomes less than atrial pressure --> The Atrioventricular valves open and blood moves from the atria to the ventricles. Diastolic pressure differences between the atria and the ventricles causes about 70% of ventricular filling
71
Atrial Contraction
Causes rapid increase in atrial pressure The atrial pressure increases --> more blood moves from the atria to the ventricles
72
Ventricular Contraction (Systole)
Causes rapid increase in ventricular pressure The ventricular pressure more than arterial pressures --> the semilunar valves open and blood moves to the arteries. --> Atrioventricular valves close
73
Coordination of Cardiac muscle Contraction
Atria must contract from the appendages toward Av Valves Ventricles must contract from the apex toward semilunar valves Contraction coordinated by specialized cells
74
Nodal Cells
membranes depolarize spontaneously and cyclically Pacemaker cells - cycle the fastest
75
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
(Node) In posterior wall of right atrium --> produces intrinsically ~80-100 action potential p/m
76
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
(Node) In flood of right artium near ventricle --> produces intrinsically ~40-60 action potential p/m
77
Conduction Fibers
(Fiber) In the atrial wall connected with the AV Node
78
AV Bundle
(Bundle) Travels along interventricular septum
79
Bundle Branches
(Bundle) Travels along Interventricular septum and radiate across inner surface of the right and left ventricles
80
Purkinje Fibers
(Fiber) Branches to contractile cells
81
Conduction Pathway
(Pathway) SA Node -> Atrial conduction fibers -> AV Node -> AV Bundle -> bundle branches -> purkinje fibers
82
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Measures electro-activity of the heart
83
P-Wave
(Electrocardiogram wave) Depolarization of the Atria
84
QRS Complex
(Electrocardiogram wave) Depolarization of the ventricles
85
T-Wave
(Electrocardiogram wave) Repolarization of the ventricles
86
PR -interval
(Electrocardiogram wave) Prolonged by damage to conduction system or AV Node
87
QT Interval
(Electrocardiogram wave) Prolonged damage to conduction system, ischemia, or myocardial damage

ANAT-125 Ch 22 - Heart (4 decks)

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