CH 23

Question 1

the 4 parts of the urinary system:

Answer 1

kidneys
ureter
bladder
urethra

Question 2

regulate blood volume and ______ by eliminating or conserving water.
hormone?

Answer 2

pressure

-Aldosterone and ADH

Question 3

(kidneys) secretes enzyme ____, which activates hormonal mechanisms that control blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Answer 3

renin

Question 4

(kidneys) secretes the hormone ________, which stimulates the production of RBC’s.

Answer 4

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis

hormone?

Answer 5

from amino acids in extreme starvation.

-cortisol

Question 6

Creatinine

Answer 6

used to find out about kidney efficiency

Question 7

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 7

expression of the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood.

Question 8

Azotemia

Answer 8

elevated BUN

-renal insufficiency

Question 9

Uremia

Answer 9

syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of N waste.

Question 10

treatment of uremia?

Answer 10

hemodialysis or organ transplant.

Question 11

respiratory system:

Answer 11

CO2, small amounts of other gases, and water

Question 12

Integumentary system

Answer 12

water, inorganic salts, lactic acid, urea in sweat

Question 13

digestive system

Answer 13

water, salts, CO2, lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol, other H+, and water

Question 14

Urinary system

Answer 14

many metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+, and water

Question 15

Right kidney is slightly lower, displaced by the _____

anchored to back by?

Answer 15

liver

adipose tissue

Question 16

Nephroptosis

Answer 16

kidney droop (fall into pelvic cavity)
-can kink ureter + may cause kidney stones.

Question 17

cortical nephrons

-efferent arterials branch into _____ around PCT and DCT.

Answer 17

85% of all nephrons
short loops
-peritubular capillaries

Question 18

Juxtamedullary nephrons

-efferent arterioles branch into ______ around long nephron loop.

Answer 18

15% of all nephrons
very long loops
maintains salinity gradient in medulla and helps conserve water.
-vasa recta

Question 19

Filtration membrane

Answer 19

3 barriers through which fluid passes

Question 20

Fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries

Answer 20

• 70-90nm filtration pores esclude blood cells

- highly perm

Question 21

Basement membrane

Answer 21

proteoglycan gel, negative charge, excludes molecules greater than 8 nm

Question 22

filtration slits

Answer 22

PODOCYTE cell extensions (pedicles) wrap around the capillaries.

Question 23

Kidney \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ can damage the filtration membrane. 
called?
-proteinuria:
-hematuria:
-Hypertension

Answer 23

infections and trauma.
glomerulonephritis- makes it leakier
Proteinuria- protein in urine
Hematuria- blood in urine