Ch. 23 and 24 Lap/Thorascopy/Rad MIS crap Flashcards
what is digital subtraction angiography
a computer software processing program that permits taking an initial non contrast fluoroscopic image (the mask) and subtracting it from every subsequent image during a run of images. This allows improved vascular imaging and resolution
what metric measurement is 3 French?
1 mm
how are sheath sizes named?
sheaths are named for their inner diameter
dilators, diagnostic and balloon catheters, stents are all named for their outer diameter
what are the most commonly used materials for particulate emboli?
polyvinyl alcohol particles (range from 45 to 1000 um) and hydrogel microspheres
what is emboli glue (NBCA or n butyl cyanoacrylate) mixed with to slow its polymerization rate
Lipiodol, which is an ethiodized oil
this also is radioopaque and you can add in tantulum to get even more opaque and slow down polymerization
how can constrast related nephrotoxicity be minimized
aggressive hydration
use N acetylcystein - anti oxidant free radical scavenger and renal vasodilator
what is the difference between a one chip vs three chip camera
one chip cameras use a single computer chip to process the colors that the camera sees whereas the three chip camera processes a separate primary color (red, green, blue)
three chip cameras offer superior image quality
what are the two general options for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic light sources? why is one used more than the other?
halogen or xenon
xenon is preferred because it is high intensity and offers color of natural light
need between 150-300 watts
why is CO2 preferred over nitrous oxide for insufflation
N2O is more flammable than CO2
CO2 is very soluble so less likely to get air emboli
how long is the standard small animal rigid laparoscope/thorascope?
29 cm long
what is one of the best extracorporeal knots to tie?
4S modified Roeder knot
what is the recorded lateral thermal spread for the Ligasure?
1.5-3.2 mm
