Ch 23 Respiratory system Flashcards
(60 cards)
what includes in the upper respiratory system?
Nose
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
pharynx
what includes in the lower respiratory system?
Larynx
Trachea
bronchus
Lungs
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Functions of the respiratory system
- Provide extensive surface area for gas exchange
- Move air to and from respiratory surfaces of lungs
- protect respiratory surfaces
- Produce sound
- detect odor (olfaction)
what two systems work together for respiration?
Respiratory system
cardiovascular system
what are the four processes of respiration
- Pulmonary ventilation (inspiration & expiration)
- External respiration (duffusion of O2 to blood and CO2 to lungs)
- Transport of respiratory gasses via cardivascular system, blood as transporting fluid.
- Internal repiration (diffusion of O2 and Co2 to tissue cells and blood).
Functoinal division of the respiratory system
-Conducting = passageways for air through terminal bronchioles)
-Respiratory = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sacs then alveoli
Functions of external nose and nasal cavity
- Airway for respiration
- Moisten and warm the air.
- Filter and clean air
- Resonating chambers for speech
- Houses olfactory receptors
Hard palate and soft palate
Hard palate separate nasal cavity from oral cavity
Soft palate shuts when swallowing food to prevent to go to nasal cavity
What does turbulence do?
It increases the time for air spends in nasal cavity, helps remove debris and odrants reach the olfactory epithelium.
Tissue present in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and trachea.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. They helps sweep the mucous away and push in to the pharynx
tissue of oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and beginning larynx
stratified squamous epithelium. at risk from mechanical and chemical damage from food.
Tissue of bronchioles
simple columnar to the simple cuboidal epithelium. maintain the tube structure with less cartilage in smallest diameter tubes.
tissue of alveoli
simple squamous epithelium
thin for gas exchange.
Functions of the voice box (layrnx)
- Provide and maintain an open airway
- Provide a switching mechanism for food and air.
- voice production
- protect entrances to glottis and trachea
Define phonation
Production of sound
- vocal cords vibrate as air passes
What determines the pitch?
Tension on the vocal cords
tenser=faster vibrations= high pitch
Controlled by intrinsic muscles.
what determine the loudness
the force applied to the air.
what’s in the root of the lung
hilum which is a groove at the mediastinal surface.
Main bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves lymphatic pass through it.
why C shaped cartilage are important in trachea
protect the anterior and lateral sides
Disconnection at posterior allow food to pass freely from esophagus
Trachealis muscle
- band of smooth muscles
- connect the end of tracheal cartilages
- constriction reduces the diameter
which vessel provide blood to the lungs
Bronchial arteries branched from thoracic aorta supply resources to all lung tissue except alveoli
What happens to the structure of walls of bronchi as they branch off
It loses its cartilage and smooth muscle increases, it gives greater ability to change diameter.
Functions of elastic fibers
- it helps maintain alveoli relative position and respiratory bronchioles.
- it helps lungs to return to its original position.
Blood-air barrier
it is composed of the two cell layers of alveolar cells and capillary endothelium with basement membrane fused in the middle.
