Ch. 24: Microbial Diseases of Respiratory System Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the primary cause of respiratory infections or follow a viral infection
Bacteria
What is streptococcus pyogens
streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat); scarlet fever
(β-hemolytic strep —> S. pyogenes)
What are the upper respiratory tract infections?
-streptococcal; pharyngitis
-scarlet fever
-Diphtheria
What is scarlet fever
-erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenized S. Pyogenes
-causes pinkish-red skin rash & fever
Is diphtheria uniform in shape?
No
What is corynebacterium diphtheria
Gram-positive, club-shaped rods/ pleomorphic; diphtheria; toxin producer; DTaP vaccine
What is streptococcal pharyngitis resistant to
-streptokinases lyse clots
-streptolysins are cytotoxic
How does the Diphtheria disease spread
begins with a sore throat & fever; spread by droplet transmission
In diphtheria what membrane forms
pseudomembrane
What is the pseudomembrane
tough, grayish membrane in the throat that can restrict airflow
What is a toxin producer
toxin circulates in the bloodstream, and interferes with protein synthesis
What immunization has limited Diphtheria cases to <5/year
DTaP vaccine
Diphtheria is what type of disease
cutaneous (infects the skin)
What are the lower respiratory tract diseases
streptococcus pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, Bordetella pertusis
What is pneumonia
a disease, not a specific infection, caused by many types of microbes
What is streptococcus pneumonia (α-hemolytic)
typically a secondary infection
How is streptococcus pneumonia spread
airborne droplets
Streptococcus pneumonia has a capsule that prevents what
phagocytosis
Where does streptococcus pneumonia proliferate
alveolar spaces (like the bronchi; fluid build-up occurs)
Streptococcus pneumonia can spread to what
bloodstream & brain (meningitis)
What is the vaccine for streptococcus pneumonia
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)
What is legionella pneumophila
gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic bacillus with a single, polar flagellum
Where is legionella pneumophila found
In fresh water
What type of parasite is legionella pneumophila
intracellular parasite invades and replicates amoeba in the environment (ubiquitous in nature)
