Ch. 25 Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

The discovery of the ______ in 1895 by Wilhelm roentgen opened w whole new filed of research

Answer 1

X- Ray

Question 2

The curries discovered that some forms of matter give off _______ a combination of particles and energy

Answer 2

Radiation

Question 3

Marie curie names this process_________

Answer 3

Radioactivity

Question 4

Another term used to describe the process by which one element spontaneously changes into another element is

Answer 4

Radioactive decay

Question 5

Any isotope that undergoes radioactive decay is called

Answer 5

Radio isotopes

Question 6

There are 3 forms of radiation, one type is a form of energy known as

Answer 6

Gamma ray

Question 7

The form of radiation containing the heavier particle is made up of helium nuclei called

Answer 7

Alpha particle

Question 8

The form of radiation containing the lighter particle consist of electrons called

Answer 8

Beta particles

Question 9

Wilhelm discovered the form of energy known as

Answer 9

X-Ray

Question 10

When a radioactive nucleus gives off a gamma ray, it’s atomic number increases by

Answer 10

0

Question 11

The three types of radiation were first identified by

Answer 11

Rutherford

Question 12

Each alpha particles carries an electric charge of

Answer 12

2+

Question 13

Each beta particle Carrie an electric charge of

Answer 13

1-

Question 14

Each gamma ray carries an electric charge of

Answer 14

0

Question 15

The number of stable isotopes that existing pared to the number of unstable isotopes is

Answer 15

Much less

Question 16

A lightweight isotope is likely to be stable if the ratio of protons to neutrons in its nucleus is

Answer 16

1:1

Question 17

A neutron is a

Answer 17

Nucleon

Question 18

The positron produced during emission comes from a

Answer 18

Proton

Question 19

During electron capture a proton in the nucleus of an atom is converted into

Answer 19

Neutron

Question 20

Atoms located above the band stability on a graph of numbers of a neutron versus number of protons are usually unstable because they contain too many

Answer 20

Neutrons

Question 21

True or false ?

Transmutation is the conversion of an atom of one element to an Atom of another element

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or false ?

All nuclear reactions involve some type of nuclear transmutation

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or false ?

Scientist induce transmutations by bombarding stable nuclei with high-energy alpha beta or gamma radiation

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or false ?

The first induced nuclear transmutation was Carried out by Marie and Pierre curie in 1897

Answer 24

False

Question 25

True or false ? | Most induced transmutation reactions are produced in high energy particle accelerators

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or false ? | Neptunium and plutonium were the first transuranium elements discovered

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or false ? | The nuclear formula for a neutron is n

Answer 27

False

Question 28

True or false ? | The half life of a radio isotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay

Answer 28

False

Question 29

True or false ? | A radioisotope that decays very rapidly has a short half life

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True or false ? | Radio isotopes with. Rey long half lives are seldom found in earths crust

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false ? | Temperature is the only factor that affects the half life of a radioisotope

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True or false ? | Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half life of carbon -14 is too short

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or false ? | Temperature is the only that affects the half life of a radio isotope

Answer 33

False

Question 34

True or false ? | Carbon dating is not used to measure the age of rocks because the half life of carbon -14 is too short

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or false ? | After an organism dies its ratio of carbon -14 to carbon -12 and carbon -13 increased

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True or false ? | Scientist currently believe that all of the possible transuranium elements have been discovered

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True or false mass number and atomic number are conserved in all nuclear reactions

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True or false ? | A nuclear reactor produces energy form fuel rods containing uranium -238

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or false ? The amount of energy produced for each kilogram of uranium is about the same as the amount of energy from a kilogram of coal

Answer 39

False

Question 40

True or false ? | The only elements that can be used as fuel in a nuclear power plant are those in which a chain reaction can occur

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or false ? | If more than a critical mass is present in sample that sample is said to have supercritical mass

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True or false ? | Water is most common coolant used in a nuclear reactor

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or false ? | Nuclear power plants usually produce electricity

Answer 43

True

Question 44

True or false ? | The purpose of control rods in a nuclear reactor is to reflect neutrons back into the core

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True or false ? | The production of energy in nuclear reactor can be stopped by pulling out all control rods

Answer 45

False

Question 46

True or false ? | A breeder reaction produces more fuel than it uses

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True or false ? | The fission products produced In nuclear power plants are not radioactive

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True or false ? | An uncontrolled chain reaction led to the nuclear accident in Chernobyl Ukraine

Answer 48

True

Question 49

PET

Answer 49

A procedure that uses positrons to detect many different medical disorders

Question 50

Geiger Counter

Answer 50

Uses a gas filled metal tube to detect and measure radiation

Question 51

100-300 mrem

Answer 51

The annual amount of radiation to which a person is normally exposed

Question 52

Ionizing radiation

Answer 52

Radiation energetic enough to break apart atoms

Question 53

Rad

Answer 53

A unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a body

Question 54

Iodine -131

Answer 54

Used to detect disorders of the thyroid gland

Question 55

Rem

Answer 55

A unit used to measure the amount of damaged done to a body

Question 56

Genetic damage

Answer 56

Radiation damage that can affect chromosomes and offsprings

Question 57

Neutron activation analysis

Answer 57

A method used to detect very small amounts of an element in a sample

Question 58

Scintillation counter

Answer 58

Contains phosphors that detect radiation

Question 59

Radio tracer

Answer 59

A radioisotope used to indicate the presence of an element in a sample

Question 60

Gamma ray

Answer 60

This type of radiation easily penetrated human tissue

Question 61

Somatic damage

Answer 61

Damaged caused by radiation that affects a person but not their off spring

Question 62

Phosphor

Answer 62

A material that gives off light when struck by radiation

Question 63

Film badge

Answer 63

Worn by workers to monitor radiation exposure