ch 26 cardio-2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ch 26 cardio-2 Deck (22)
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1
Q

pulmonic stenosis-5

A
  1. Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
  2. Causes right ventricular hypertrophy
  3. Second most common congenital heart defect
  4. Treated by balloon valvuloplasty during heart cath for mild cases
  5. Surgically repaired for more serious cases
2
Q

pulmonic stenosis-s/s-5

A
  • may be asymptomatic

- moderate/severe- dyspnea, fatigue w exertion, heart fail, chest pain

3
Q

tetrology of fallot- the 4

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta

4
Q

tetrology of fallot general info-3

A
  1. One of the most common congenital heart defects causing cyanosis
  2. Increased pressure within the right side of the heart causing a right to left shunt-causing a cyanotic disease
  3. Typically appears as a “boot” on CXR
5
Q

tetrology of fallot s/s-4

A
  1. as ductus arteriosus closes becomes hypoxic and cyanotic
  2. degree of stenosis determines symptoms
  3. instinctive squat
  4. surgical repair
6
Q

transpostion of the great arteries-5

A
  1. Pulmonary artery is the outflow tract for the left ventricle and the aorta is the outflow tract for the right ventricle
  2. 2 parallel circulation patterns without mixing of oxygenated blood and unoxygenated blood
  3. One of the most common causing cyanosis
  4. Life threatening at birth and survival depends on a method for mixing of blood (PDA, ASD, VSD)
  5. Murmur heard if a VSD is present, otherwise typically no murmur present
7
Q

transpostion of the great arteries s/s-3

A
  1. cyanosis at birth does not improve w O2
  2. TachyP 60+
  3. feed difficulties
8
Q

transpostion of the great arteries tx

A

prosaglandinE to keep ductus arteriosus open

9
Q

defects obstructing blood flow general s/s-5

A

CHF, pulm edema, BP 10-15 higher in legs is now lower, low cardiac output, necrotizing enterocolitis

10
Q

aortic stenosis-3

A

narrowing of aortic valve obstructs systemic blood flow

  • bicuspid
  • left vent heart fail
11
Q

aortic stenosis s/s-2

A
  1. asymptomatic

2. normal BP w narrow pulse pressure and weak peri pulse

12
Q

coarctation of the aorta-2

A

narrowing or constriction of the descending aorta obstructs systemic blood flow
-treat w PGE and balloon

13
Q

coarctation of the aorta s/s-4

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. cyanosis in lower extremities, heart fail, shock when ductus arteriosus close
  3. lower BP in legs and higher in arms
  4. systolic ejection murmur
14
Q

digoxin-3

A
  1. increase contractility
  2. HR for 1 min before giving
  3. monitor for toxicity
15
Q

furosemide-2

A
  1. rapid diuresis

2. monitor for hypokalemia

16
Q

spironolactone-2

A
  1. maintenance diuretic

2. ass fl and electrolyte imbalance

17
Q

propanolol-3

A
  1. increase contractility
  2. mon I&O, daily weight
  3. Na restriction
18
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy-3

A

-emboli from pooling, CHF, arrhythmias-cardiac arrest

19
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-2

A

-rigid vent walls, sudden death

20
Q

infective endocarditis-3

A

recurrent fever, new murmur, prophylaxis

21
Q

rheumatic fever-5

A

group A strep

-carditis, polyarteritis, erythema marginatum, aimless movements

22
Q

Kawasaki disease-2

A

high fever more than 5 days, IV immune globulin