Ch 27 Asepsis Infection Control Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 27 Asepsis Infection Control Deck (38)
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0
Q

Aerobic Bacteria

A

Bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow

1
Q

Anaerobic Bacteria

A

Bacteria that can live without Oxygen

2
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

3
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

4
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

5
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of disease -producing microorganism using methods to prevent infection

6
Q

Bacteria

A

The most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agent

Categorized by shape spherical (cocci) , rod (bacilli) ,or corkscrew (spirochete)

Categorized as gram-positive or gram-negative

7
Q

Disinfection

A

Process used to destroy microorganism ; destroys all pathogenic organism except spores

8
Q

Endemic

A

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

9
Q

Endogenous

A

Infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person harbors

10
Q

Exogenous

A

Infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

11
Q

Fungi

A

Plant like organism (molds , yeast) tha can cause infection

12
Q

Health-Care Associated Infection

A

An infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other consideration (nosocomial)

Joint commission consider death or serious injury caused by HAI’s a sentinel event and must be reported

13
Q

Host

A

Animal or person on or within which microorganism live

14
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

15
Q

Infection

A

Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

16
Q

Isolation

A

Protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms also called protective aseptic technique and barrier techniques

17
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique

18
Q

Nosocomial

A

Something originating or taking place in the hospital (infection)!

19
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-producing microorganism in or on the body

20
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

Gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

21
Q

Reservoir

A

Natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

Examples : other people, animals, soil food water, milk, and inanimate objects

In people bodily fluid waste

22
Q

Standard Precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis of possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions

23
Q

Sterilization

A

The process by which all microorganisms, including spores are destroyed (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

24
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique

25
Q

Transmission-Based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions

26
Q

Vector

A

Nonhuman carriers such as mosquitoes ticks and live that transmit organisms from one host to another

27
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to produce disease

28
Q

Virus

A

Smallest of all microorganism can be seen only by using an electron microscope

29
Q

Infection Cycle

A

Six components :

  • Infection Agent bacteria, fungi , or virus
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of Exit
  • Means of Transmission
  • Portals of Entry
  • Susceptible Host
30
Q

Gram-positive

Gram-Negative

A

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker cell walls (stained violet ) resists decolorization

Gram-negative bacteria have chemically more complex cell walls (do not stain) decolorizes

31
Q

Portal of Exit ( Infection Cycle)

A

Point of escape for the organism from the reservoir ; to extend it influence

In human exit route includes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts breaks in the skin, blood and tissue

32
Q

Means of transmission

A

Contact direct or indirect
Ingestion
Airborne cough sneeze attaches to dust < 5cm
Droplets similar to airborne >5cm
Vectors: mosquito, fly, ticks, lice, and nonhuman carriers

33
Q

Stages of infection

A
  • Incubation Period : the invasion of the pathogen and 1st sign of symptoms varying based on the pathogen
  • Prodromal Stage: most infectious period early signs of disease are present but non-specific signs or symptoms fatigue, malaise , low grade fever
  • Full Stage of Illness : presence of specific signs and symptoms
  • Convalescent Period: recovery period from the infection
34
Q

Assessing

Localized infection

A

Can result in redness, swelling, warmth in the involved area, pain or tenderness, and loss of function of the affected part

35
Q

Assessing

Systemic infections

A

Manifestations include fever often accompanied by increase pulse and respiratory rate, lethargy, anorexia, and tenderness and enlargement of lymph nodes that drain area when an infection is present

36
Q

MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus )

A

Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria resistant to broad spectrum of (methicillin) antibiotics

37
Q

VISA: Vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus

VRSA: vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

VRE : vancomycin-resistant enterococci

A

Antibiotics resistant has provided a formidable challenge because antibiotics