CH. 27 Bacteria Flashcards
(37 cards)
Bioremediation
The use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are?
Chemoautotrophs
What is the function of fimbriae?
They are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryotes
Genes for the resistance of antibiotics are often located
On plasmids
Which of the following statements about obligate anaerobes is correct?
They are poisoned by O2
Binary fission is a form of _____because a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring
Asexual reproduction
During binary fission, DNA replication begins at the ______and continues all the way around the circular chromosome
Origin of replication
When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reached twice its original size, the _____grows inward, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells
plasma membrane
In theory, the two daughter cells are _____each other and the parent cell
genetically identical to
However, mistakes made during DNA replication sometimes result in _____,changes to the nucelotide sequence of DNA
mutations
The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable _________
genetic variation
F+ cell
- carries the F factor in a plasmid
- may donate a plasmid to another cell
Hfr cell
- Carries the F factor in its circular chromosome
- May donate genes from its chromosome to another cell
F- cell
- May receive genetic material, but cannot donate -genetic material
- May become recombinant after conjugation with an Hfr cell
- May become F+ after conjugation with an F+ cell
Processes such as _____ allow for genes to be exchanged among bacteria. Because _____can occur between bacterial cells of the same species or of different species, antibiotic resistance sometimes spreads surprisingly easy from one species of bacteria to another.
conjugation
In bacterial conjugation an F factor is a piece of ____that contains about 25 genes
DNA
The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites and were the first to add significant quantities of oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere are classified as
cyanobacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes is classified with
gram-positive bacteria
Organisms that can cause nongonococcal urethritis are classified with
chlamydia trachomatis
The chemoheterotroph Proteus Vulgaris is a rod shaped bacterium classified with
Proteobacteria
Spiral- shaped bacteria are likely to be placed with
Spirochetes
_________was the molecule used to produce Woese’s phylogeny because it evolves slowly and is crucial to the function of the ribosome, which serves the same function in all three domains in the tree of life
Ribosomal RNA
Lateral gene transfer
Physical transfer of a gene between distantly related lineages
During _________,phages package fragments of bacterial DNA into new phage heads. This bacterial DNA can be transferred to another bacteria cell during the next phage infection
transduction
