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Physical Science > CH 27.1 and 27.2 Vocab > Flashcards

CH 27.1 and 27.2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earths surface

A

Weathering

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2
Q

is a mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

A

Soil

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3
Q

Is the removal of surface material through the process weathering.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

process that moves materials from one place to another such is water, ice and wind

A

Sediment transport

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5
Q

When the erosional agent slows down In the case of water, wind, or gravity or melts in the case of glaciers it drop this sediment load in a process.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

The land area that gathers water for major river

A

Drainage basin

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7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

A

Longshore current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A
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9
Q

What are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

rock type and landscape

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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A
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12
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost Wedging Biological Activity,

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

Water collects

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze Thaw Cycles

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16
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

Plants and Animals

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

Oxygen and Water

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19
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

A

oxidation.

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20
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

A

Hydrolysis

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21
Q

What is parent material?

A

Is a material from which soil forms

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22
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

Different layers of soil

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23
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A
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24
Q

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon?

A

False

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25
What are the specific soil horizons?
26
What does the first soil horizon contain?
Organic Material
27
What is the second horizon mostly made of?
Minerals
28
Which layer does leeching occur?
29
Which horizon collects material from previous horizons?
30
Which layer is partially weathered in bedrock?
31
Which layer is unweathered bedrock?
32
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?
33
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
34
Which soil horizons make up the true soil?
35
What is the difference between weathering and erosion
Weathering breaks down into materials
36
erosion removes surface material
if the slope of a river decreases what will happen to the speed it decreases.
37
Small streams that flow into a larger rivers are called
Tributes
38
Land area that gathers water for major rivers is called a
drainage basin
39
A boundary that separates distict drainage basins is called
drainage divide
40
As water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating.
channels
41
Young rivers are V shaped due to the fast movement.
V shaped
42
Mature rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes.
Mature
43
Flood plains
When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, it is called flood plains.
44
Deltas
A fan shaped sediment deposit will form at the mouth of a river into another body of water. dis tributaries are the branching channels.
45
Alluvial Fans
Form where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land
46
What are two types of glaciers?
Valley and continental
47
Were do valley glaciers form?
Form in high, mountainous regionss
48
Where do continental glaciers form?
they form in colder climates and occupied large land areas.
49
Where are two continental glaciers located?
Greenland and Antarctica.
50
What is a cirque
Bowl shaped basins.
51
What is an arete
Form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline
52
What is a horn in a mountamous region?
Sharpend and peaks
53
What shape of valley do valley glaciers form?
They create U shaped valleys.
54
What are tributary glaciers?
Small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers.
55
What type of valley do tributary glaciers.
Create hanging Valleys
56
On which side of a sand dune does erosion occur on
the windward side
57
on which side of sand dunes does deposition occur
leeward side
58
the removal of small particles by wind,leaving heavier particles behind, is called defaltion.
59
When small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called desert pavement.
60
what is deflation?
removal of small particles by wind
61
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
weathering breaks down materials and erosion?
62
The shapes and sizes of land forms being eroded by what?
a windspeed, amount of wind blows, sediment supply.
63
What are 3 land forms created by wave erosion
Coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stacks
64
What are 2 examples of wave definition
Sand bars, and sand spits
65
What are sand bars?
land forms that are parallel to shoreline.
66
What B a sand spits?
Extend into water and and curve back to land.
67
What are things that can cause mass wasting?
snow, heavy rains, human activity
68
What are the exam roles of mass wasting?
Rock slides, landslides.

Physical Science (13 decks)

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