Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 primary tissue types.

A

epithelial | connective | muscular | nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is matrix?

A

extracellular material composed of fibrous proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ground substance?

A

gelatinous rubbery matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of tissue sections?

A

longitudinal, cross, and oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a longitudinal section?

A

cut LONG direction of organ/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a cross section?

A

transverse, cut horizontal/perpendicular to organ/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an oblique section?

A

cut at an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a basement membrane?

A

layer between epithelium and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 things that the basement membrane contains?

A

collagen | laminin/fibronectin | heparin sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is laminin and fibronectin?

A

adhesive glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the basal surface of epithelium tissue?

A

surface touching basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the apical surface of epithelium tissue?

A

surface away from basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissues?

A

simple | stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

single layer of cells | all cells touch basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 types of simple epithelia?

A

simple squamous | simple cuboidal | simple columnar | pseudostratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are pseudostratified columnar cells simple epithelia?

A

all cells touch basement membrane but are different heights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

wineglass shaped cells | secretes mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which tissues are goblet cells found?

A

simple columnar | pseudostratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

A

stratified squamous epithelia | stratified cuboidal | stratified columnar | transitional epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is transitional epithelia also called and why?

A

urothelium = lines ureter and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is transitional epithelia?

A

multilayered epithelia surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 types of stratified squamous epithelia cells?

A

keratinized | non-keratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is simple squamous epithelia and its 2 functions?

A

single row of thin cells | rapid diffusion/transport of substances | secretes serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What 4 locations are simple squamous epithelia found in?

A

alveoli | glomeruli | endothelium | serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelia and its 4 functions?

A

single layer of square/round cells | absorption, secretion, mucus production and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What 6 locations are simple cuboidal epithelia found in?

A

liver | thyroid | mammary + salivary glands | bronchioles | kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is simple columnar epithelia and its 3 functions?

A

single row tall cells with brushed border-microvilli or cilia | absorption, secretion, mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What 4 locations are simple columnar epithelia found in?

A

GI tract lining | uterus | kidney | uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelia and its 2 functions?

A

all cells touch basement membrane, ciliated | secretes and propels mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What 2 locations are pseudostratified epithelia found in?

A

respiratory tract | male urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelia and its 3 functions?

A

dead squamous cells | resist abrasion | prevents water loss | resists penetration (protects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What 3 locations are keratinized stratified squamous epithelia found in?

A

epidermis | palms | soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia and its 3 functions?

A

has nucleus/organelles | resist abrasion and penetration (protect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What 4 locations are non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia found in?

A

tongue | oral mucosa | esophagus | vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the 3 functions of stratified cuboidal epithelia.

A

secrete sweat | sperm production | ovarian hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What 3 locations are stratified cuboidal epithelia found in?

A

sweat gland ducts | seminiferous tubules | ovarian follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the functions of transitional epithelia.

A

allows urinary tract to fill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the most abundant primary tissue?

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does highly vascular mean?

A

richly supplied with blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?

A

less cells in space than matrix | cells don’t touch | highly vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the 8 functions of connective tissue?

A

binds organs | support | physical protection | immune protection | movement | storage | heat production | transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

general type of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the 6 types connective tissue cells?

A

fibroblast | macrophages | leukocytes | plasma cells | mast cells | adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

produces fibers and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are macrophages?

A

engulfs antigens to active immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What cells do macrophages arise from?

A

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

49
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

leukocytes that attack bacteria

50
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

leukocyte reacting to bacteria, toxins and other foreign material

51
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

produces antibodies

52
Q

What cells do plasma cells arise from?

A

lymphocytes

53
Q

What are mast cells?

A

secretes herparin and histamine

54
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

blood vessels

55
Q

What is the function of heparin?

A

inhibits clotting

56
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

dilates blood vessels

57
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

fat cells

58
Q

What are the 3 different protein fibers found in connective tissue proper?

A

collagen | reticular | elastic

59
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

collagen

60
Q

What is collagenous fibers?

A

tough, flexible and resists stretching

61
Q

What 3 locations are collagenous fibers found in?

A

tendons | ligaments | deep layer under skin

62
Q

What are reticular fibers?

A

thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

63
Q

What is the function of reticular fibers?

A

form framework of organs such as spleen and lymph nodes

64
Q

What are elastic fibers and what are they made up of?

A

thinnest protein fiber made of elastin

65
Q

What is the function of elastic fibers?

A

allow stretch and recoil

66
Q

What are yellow fibers?

A

fresh elastic fibers

67
Q

What are the 3 molecules that make up the ground substance?

A

glycosaminoglycans | proteoglycan | adhesive glycoproteins

68
Q

What are the 2 types of connective tissue proper?

A

loose | dense

69
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

gel-like ground substance between cells

70
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue proper?

A

areolar | reticular | adipose

71
Q

What are dense connective tissue?

A

fibers fill spaces between cells

72
Q

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue

A

dense regular | dense irregular

73
Q

What are the 4 charcteristics areolar tissue?

A

loosely organized fibers running in random directions | very vascular | lots of empty space | has all 6 cell types

74
Q

Where are areolar tissue found?

A

underlying epithelia | in serous membrane | between muscles | passage ways for nerves and vessels

75
Q

Function of areolar tissue?

A

Binds epithelia to deeper tissue

76
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

77
Q

Function of reticular tissue.

A

forms supportive framework (stroma) for lymphatic organs

78
Q

Where are reticular tissue found? (4)

A

lymph nodes | spleen | thymus | bone marrow

79
Q

What are dense regular connective tissue?

A

densely packed PARALLEL collagen fibers

80
Q

Where are dense regular connective tissue found?

A

tendons | ligaments | elastic tissue (vocal chords)

81
Q

What are dense irregular connective tissue?

A

densely packed RANDOM ARRANGED collagen fibers

82
Q

Where are dense irregular connective tissue found?

A

deeper layer of skin (dermis) | capsules around organs

83
Q

Function of adipocytes.

A

energy storage | thermal insulation | cushioning | body contours

84
Q

What is fat called in fetus, infants and kids?

A

brown fat

85
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline | fibrocartilage | elastic cartilage

86
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

clear glassy appearance covered by perichondrium

87
Q

Examples of avascular tissue.

A

epithelia | cartilage

88
Q

What is cartilage?

A

supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matric

89
Q

What are the 2 cells found in cartilage?

A

chondroblasts | perichondrium

90
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

cells that make the matrix and surround themselves until they become trapped in lacunae

91
Q

What is lacunae?

A

little cavities in cartilage matrix

92
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

chrondroblasts in lacunae

93
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

sheath of dense irregular tissue surrounding elastic and most hyaline cartilage

94
Q

What is the cartilage matrix composed of?

A

chondroitin sulfate | collagen fibers

95
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage be found?

A

trachea | larynx | fetal skeleton

96
Q

3 functions of hyaline cartilage

A

eases joint movement | holds airway open | moves vocal chords

97
Q

What is elastic cartilage and its 2 functions?

A

contains elastic fibers | flexibility | elastic support

98
Q

Where can elastic cartilage be found?

A

external ear | tip of nose | epiglottis

99
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

contains large course bundles of collagen fibers

100
Q

What cartilage is lined with perichondrium?

A

hyaline | elastic

101
Q

2 functions of fibrocartilage.

A

resist pressure | absorbs shock

102
Q

Where can fibrocartilage be found? (3)

A

pubic symphysis | menisci | intervertebral discs

103
Q

What are glial cells?

A

supporting cells surrounding neurons

104
Q

2 functions of glial cells.

A

protect and assist neurons

105
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of skeletal muscle cells?

A

long thread-like muscle fibers | multiple nuclei | striated | voluntary

106
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of cardiac muscle cells?

A

shorter | branched | notched ends | ONE central nucleus between intercalated discs | striated | involuntary

107
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of smooth muscle cells?

A

smooth | fusiform cells | ONE central nucleus | involuntary

108
Q

What is exocrine?

A

maintain contact with body surface through a duct

109
Q

What is endocrine?

A

lose contact with body surface, has no duct

110
Q

What are eccrine glands?

A

vesicles secrete via exocytosis

111
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

vesicle buds off of cell surface

112
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

entire cell is secreted

113
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

cell enlarges in size

114
Q

What is atrophy?

A

tissue shrinkage due to decreasing cell size/number

115
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

changing from one type of mature tissue to another

116
Q

What are 3 examples of exocrine glands?

A

sweat | mammary | tears

117
Q

What is an example of an endocrine gland?

A

hormones

118
Q

What is an example of holocrine gland?

A

oil glands of scalp

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions