Ch. 3

Question 1

the condition of matter existing as a solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 1

physical state

Question 2

a direct change of state from a solid to a gas

Answer 2

sublimation

Question 3

a direct change of state from a gas to a solid

Answer 3

deposition

Question 4

matter having an indefinite composition and variable properties

Answer 4

heterogenous mixture

Question 5

matter having a definite composition, but variable properties from sample to sample, like alloys and solutions

Answer 5

homogenous mixture

Question 6

matter having a definite composition and constant properties, like an element or compound

Answer 6

substance

Question 7

a homogenous mixture of two or more metals

Answer 7

alloy

Question 8

a substance that can be broken down into simpler substances

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction

Answer 9

element

Question 10

the smallest particle that represents an element

Answer 10

atom

Question 11

an abbreviation for the name of a chemical element

Answer 11

chemical symbol

Question 12

an element that is generally shiny in appearance, but has a high density, high melting point, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 12

metal

Question 13

the property of a metal that allows it to be machined into a foil

Answer 13

malleable

Question 14

the property of a metal that allows it to be drawn into a wire

Answer 14

ductile

Question 15

an element that is generally dull in appearance, has a low density, low melting point, and is not a good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 15

nonmetal

Question 16

an element that is generally metallic in appearance and has properties midway between those of a metal and a nonmetal

Answer 16

semimetal

Question 17

a number that identifies a particular element

Answer 17

atomic number

Question 18

a chart that arranges elements according to their properties

Answer 18

periodic table

Question 19

the principle that states a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Answer 19

law of definite composition

Question 20

a single particle composed of two or more nonmetal atoms

Answer 20

molecule

Question 21

an abbreviation for the name of a chemical compound that indicates the number of atoms of each element

Answer 21

chemical formula

Question 22

a characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without changing the chemical composition

Answer 22

physical property

Question 23

a characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without changing the
chemical formula

Answer 23

chemical propertya

Question 24

modification of a substance that alters its chemical composition

Answer 24

chemical change

Question 25

a modification of a substance that does not alter its chemical composition

Answer 25

physical change

Question 26

the stored energy that matter possesses owning to its position or composition

Answer 26

potential energy

Question 27

the energy associated with the mass and velocity of a particle

Answer 27

kinetic energy

Question 28

the law that states mass cannot be created not destroyed

Answer 28

law of conservation of mass

Question 29

the law that states energy cannot be created not destroyed

Answer 29

law of conservation of energy

Question 30

the law that states the total mass and energy in the universe is constant

Answer 30

law of conservation of mass and energy