Ch 3

Question 1

Osteocytes

Answer 1

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

Cells that build new bone tissue.

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

Cells that break down old or damaged bone tissue.

Question 4

Lacunae

Answer 4

Small spaces in bone where osteocytes are found.

Question 5

Canaliculi

Answer 5

Tiny channels that connect lacunae, allowing cells to communicate.

Question 6

Lamellae

Answer 6

Layers of bone tissue

Question 7

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 7

Between osteons, filling gaps.

Question 8

Circumferential lamellae

Answer 8

Around the outer and inner surfaces of bone.

Question 9

Concentric lamellae

Answer 9

Rings around the central canal of an osteon.

Question 10

Osteoid

Answer 10

Unmineralized bone matrix, made up of collagen and proteins.

Question 11

Matrix

Answer 11

The material between bone cells, mostly collagen and minerals like calcium. Mineral reserve.

Question 12

Collagen

Answer 12

A protein that gives bones flexibility and strength.

Question 13

Calcium

Answer 13

A mineral that makes bones hard and strong.

Question 14

Mesenchymal (Stem Cell)

Answer 14

Cells that can develop into different types of bone cells.

Question 15

Fracture

Answer 15

A break in a bone.

Question 16

Hematopoiesis

Answer 16

The process of making blood cells, which happens in bone marrow.

Question 17

Trabeculae

Answer 17

The mesh-like structure inside spongy bone.

Question 18

Osteon

Answer 18

The basic unit of compact bone, made of concentric lamellae around a central canal.

Question 19

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 19

Growth Plate

Question 20

Struts

Answer 20

Support structures in bones, similar to trabeculae.

Question 21

Spicules

Answer 21

Tiny needle-like structures found in developing bone.

Question 22

Mesenchymal

Answer 22

Stem cells that can develop into bone, cartilage, or fat cells.

Question 23

Ossification Centers

Answer 23

Areas where bone formation starts.

Question 24

Mineralization

Answer 24

The process where minerals, mainly calcium, are deposited in the bone matrix, making it hard.

Question 25

Diaphysis

Answer 25

The shaft, or middle part, of a long bone.

Question 26

Epiphysis

Answer 26

The rounded ends of a long bone.

Question 27

Metaphysis

Answer 27

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis, where the growth plate is located.

Question 28

Spongy Bone

Answer 28

Lightweight, porous bone found inside bones, filled with marrow.

Question 29

Compact Bone

Answer 29

Dense, solid bone found on the outer surface.

Question 30

Bone Marrow

Answer 30

Soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.

Question 31

Callus

Answer 31

A thickened area of bone that forms around a fracture as it heals “Bone scab”

Question 32

Calcitonin

Answer 32

A hormone that lowers blood calcium levels by promoting bone formation.

Question 33

Calcitriol

Answer 33

The active form of vitamin D, helping the body absorb calcium for bone formation.

Question 34

Hallux

Answer 34

Big toe

Question 35

Pollex

Answer 35

The thumb

Question 36

Periosteum

Answer 36

Outer covering of bone, connective tissue to protect bone, surface for muscle attachment and has blood vessels that nourish the bone

Question 37

Endosteum

Answer 37

Thin layer that lines inside of bone, helps with bone repair and remodeling

Question 38

Endosteum

Answer 38

Thin layer that lines inside of bone, helps with bone repair and remodeling