CH 3

Question 0

phonetics

Answer 0

-general study of speech sounds

Question 1

IPA

Answer 1

• represents consonants/vowels

- physical aspects of human vocal tract

Question 2

articulatory phonetics

Answer 2

-study of how speech sounds are made/articulated

Question 3

acoustic phonetics

Answer 3

-physical properties of speech as sound waves in air

Question 4

auditory phonetics

Answer 4

• aka perceptual phonetics

- perception of speech sounds through ear

Question 5

voiced

voiceless

Answer 5

• vocal folds drawn together, the air from lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as air passes through which causes vibrating effect
• vocal folds (cords) spread apart and air is unimpeded

Question 6

bilabial

Answer 6

-consonants made with both lips

p/b/m/w

Question 7

labiodentals

Answer 7

-consonants with upper teeth and lower lip

f/v

Question 8

dentals

Answer 8

-tongue tip behind the upper teeth (dentals) or between the teeth (interdentals)

th/TH

Question 9

alveolars

Answer 9

-front part of tongue on alveolar ridge (rough area behind and above upper teeth)

t/s//d/n/z/l/r

Question 10

palatals

Answer 10

-tongue and the hard palate (roof of mouth)

sh/ch//Z/G/j

Question 11

velars

Answer 11

-the back of the tongue on the velum (soft palate)

k/g/ng

Question 12

glottals

Answer 12

-using the glottis (open space between vocal folds)

h

Question 13

stops

Answer 13

• stop consonant
• block air flow briefly, then let it go abruptly

p/t/k//b/d/g

Question 14

fricatives

Answer 14

-almost block air flow and force it through a narrow gap (creating a type of friction)

f/th/s/sh/h//v/TH/z/Z

Question 15

affricates

Answer 15

-combine a brief stopping of air with a release through a narrow gap

ch//G

Question 16

nasals

Answer 16

• most sounds are produced orally with velum raised (which prevents air flow from entering nasal cavity)
• BUT if velum is lowered then air can flow through nose to produce nasal sounds

m/n/ng

Question 17

liquids

Answer 17

l/r (voiced)

l–>let air flow around sides of tongue while tongue is touching alveolar ridge
r–>tongue tip raised and curled back near alveolar ridge

Question 18

glides

Answer 18

-tongue in motion or gliding to or from position of vowel (from voiced sounds?)

w/j (voiced)

Question 19

glottal stop

Answer 19

• symbol?

- produced when space between vocal folds is closed completely but very briefly and then released

Question 20

flap

Answer 20

-tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge briefly

Question 21

vowel

Answer 21

• produced with relatively free air flow
• all typically voiced
• front/back, high/low

Question 22

diphthongs

Answer 22

• combo of 2 vowel sounds

eg. hi (from low to high front), bye

Question 23

uvula

Answer 23

• hangs at end of velum

- used with back of tongue to produce uvular sounds (eg. rolling r=R)