Ch. 3

Question 1

Tertiary

Answer 1

Feed on the flesh of herbivores.

Question 2

Omnivores

Answer 2

Eat both plants and animals.

Question 3

Decomposers

Answer 3

Process of obtaining their nutrients, release nutrients from the wastes or remains of plants and animals and return those nutrients to the soil, water, and air for reuse by producers.

Question 4

Detritus feeders

Answer 4

Feed on the wastes or dead bodies of other organisms.

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Uses of oxygen to convert glucose back into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 6

Food chain

Answer 6

Sequence of organisms each of which serves as a source of nutrients or energy for the next.

Question 7

Food web

Answer 7

Show how producers consumers and decomposers are connected to one another as energy flows through trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Question 8

Pyramid of energy flow

Answer 8

Illustrates this energy loss for a simple food chain.

Question 9

Gross primary productivity

Answer 9

Rate at which an ecosystems producers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in compounds found in their tissues.

Question 10

Net primary productivity

Answer 10

The rate at which producers use photosynthesis to produce and store chemical energy stored in compounds found in their tissues.

Question 11

Nutrient cycles

Answer 11

Elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems.

Question 12

Water cycle

Answer 12

Collects, purifies, and distributes the earths fixed supply of water.

Question 13

Surface runoff

Answer 13

Water flows into streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans from which it can evaporate to repeat the cycle.

Question 14

Aquifers

Answer 14

Perception also sinks through soil into under around layers of rock, sand, and gravel.

Question 15

Carbon cycle

Answer 15

Various compounds of carbon circulate through the biosphere the atmosphere and parts of the hydrosphere.

Question 16

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 16

Reactions involving lighting and by specialized bacteria found in the top layer of soil.

Question 17

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 17

Compounds of phosphorus circulate through water the earths crust and living organisms.

Question 18

Sulfur cycle

Answer 18

Sulfur circulates through the biosphere.

Question 19

Secondary consumers

Answer 19

Feed on the flesh of herbivores.

Question 20

Carnivors

Answer 20

Animals that feed on the flesh of other animals.

Question 21

Primary consumers

Answer 21

Animals that eat mostly green plants.

Question 22

Heterotrophs

Answer 22

Cannot produce the nutrients they need through photosynthesis or other processes.

Question 23

Producers

Answer 23

Make the nutrients they need from compounds and energy obtained from their environment.

Question 24

Trophic level

Answer 24

Depending on its source of nutrients.

Question 25

Ecology

Answer 25

The science that focuses on how organisms interact with one another and with their non living environment of matter and energy.

Question 26

Greenhouse effect

Answer 26

Water vapor and several other gases in the troposphere it warms the troposphere.

Question 27

Biosphere

Answer 27

Consists of the parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere where life is found.

Question 28

Geosphere

Answer 28

Consist of the earths intensely hot core a thick mantle composed mostly of rock.

Question 29

Hydrosphere

Answer 29

Made up of all the water on or near the earths surface.

Question 30

Stratosphere

Answer 30

Holds enough ozone gas to filter out about 95% of the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Question 31

Troposphere

Answer 31

Extends about 17 kilometers above sea level at the topics and about 7 kilometers above the earths north and south poles.

Question 32

Atmosphere

Answer 32

Thin spherical envelope of gases surrounding the earths surface.